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Toxin A (Clostridium difficile)

ALX-630-100

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Cytotoxic and enterotoxic

Has potent cytotoxic and enterotoxic properties. Translocates to the cytosol of target cells and glucosylates small GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Induces actin condensation, cell death and opening of the tight junctions. Triggers release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from intestinal epithelial cells probably via activation of MAP kinases.

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Product Details

Activity	Each lot is tested to confirm binding activity to fresh rabbit red blood cells using a hemagglutination assay. The lowest concentration producing a positive reaction was ~50µg/ml.
Formulation	Lyophilized from 50mM TRIS, pH 7.5, containing 50mM sodium chloride and 0.1% trehalose.
MW	~270kDa
Purity Detail	When examined on 3-8% SDS-PAGE gels, this protein migrates as a single major band with an apparent molecular weight of 300,000 Dan run. Densitometric analysis estimates the purity of the product as >80%.
Reconstitution	Reconstitute with sterile distilled water.
Source	Isolated from Clostridium difficile.
Technical Info / Product Notes	Protein concentration is determined by the Bradford method using BSA as a standard.
UniProt ID	P16154

Handling & Storage

Use/Stability	As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stable for 2 months at +4°C after reconstitution in sterile water at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml.
Handling	Do not vortex. Do not freeze.
Long Term Storage	+4°C
Shipping	Ambient Temperature

Regulatory Status	RUO – Research Use Only

Rho-glucosylating Clostridium difficile toxins A and B: new insights into structure and function: T. Jank, et al.; Glycobiology 17, 15R (2007), (Review), Abstract
Clostridium difficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease: D. E. Voth & J. D. Ballard; Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18, 247 (2005), (Review), Abstract
Large clostridial cytotoxins: cellular biology of Rho/Ras-glucosylating toxins: J. Schirmer & K. Aktories; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1673, 66 (2004), Abstract
Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins on epithelial cell barrier: C. Pothoulakis; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 915, 347 (2000), Abstract
Clostridium difficile toxin A and its effects on cells: C. Fiorentini & M. Thelestam; Toxicon 297, 543 (1991), Abstract
Purification and characterization of Clostridium difficile toxin: R. D. Rolfe & S. M. Finegold; Infect. Immun. 257, 191 (1979), Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding: M.M. Bradford; Anal. Biochem. 72, 248 (1976), Abstract

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Toxin A (Clostridium difficile)

ALX-630-100

Product Details

Handling & Storage

Datasheet, Manuals, SDS & CofA

Manuals And Inserts

Certificate of Analysis

SDS

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