Prostaglandin E₂

Biosynthesis in numerous cell types. Potent vasodilator. Exerts both anti- and proinflammatory activities by inhibition of mediator release and enhancement of mediator action. Stimulates bone resorption. Synergizes with LTB4. Facilitates replication of AIDS virus. Regulates sleep/wake cycle. Thermoregulatory action in the CNS. Induces LHRH release from rat median eminence. Regulates renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion. One of the primary cyclooxygenase (COX) products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins.

Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity and immune modulation. The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue. Regulates vertebrate hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis.