PKC activator
PKC activator (10-100 ng/ml). Most commonly used phorbol ester. Causes an extremely wide range of effects in cells and tissues. Very potent mouse skin tumor promoter. Inhibits apoptosis induced by Fas, but induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Shipping: Available products typically ship within 24/48h, via priority shipping.
Do you need support? Contact Customer Service or Technical Support.
Online Account
Access or Create Your Account
Product Details
Alternative Name |
PMA, TPA |
---|---|
Appearance |
Colorless amorphous film or foam. |
CAS |
16561-29-8 |
Couple Target |
PKC |
Couple Type |
Activator |
Formula |
C36H56O8 |
MW |
616.8 |
Purity |
≥99% (HPLC, TLC) |
Solubility |
Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), 100% ethanol (25mg/ml), acetone, ether or dimethyl formamide; almost insoluble in aqueous buffers. |
Handling & Storage
Use/Stability |
As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Dissolve in an organic solvent prior to dilution into aqueous buffers. Add calculated volume of organic solvent to vial to prepare concentrated stock solution. Intermediate dilutions into the same organic solvent are recommended prior to final dilution into aqueous buffer. Store, as supplied, at -20°C for up to 1 year. Store solutions at -20°C for up to 3 months. |
---|---|
Handling |
Protect from light. |
Long Term Storage |
-20°C |
Shipping |
Ambient Temperature |
Regulatory Status |
RUO – Research Use Only |
---|
- Aloperine Suppresses Cancer Progression by Interacting with VPS4A to Inhibit Autophagosome-lysosome Fusion in NSCLC: Guo, W., Zhou, H., et al.; Adv. Sci. (Weinh.) 11, e2308307 (2024), Abstract
- S100A9+CD14+ monocytes contribute to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy resistance in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma by attenuating T cell-mediated antitumor function: Tu, X., Chen, L., et al.; J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 43, 72 (2024), Abstract
- Reconstruction of Glutathione Metabolism in the Neuronal Model of Rotenone-Induced Neurodegeneration Using Mass Isotopologue Analysis with Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Zeno High-Resolution Multiple Reaction Monitoring: L. Huang, et al.; Anal. Chem. 95, 3255 (2023), Abstract
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Minor Cannabinoids CBC, THCV, and CBN in Human Macrophages: Gojani, E. G., Wang, B., et al.; Molecules 28, (2023), Abstract
- STING agonism turns human T cells into interferon-producing cells but impedes their functionality: Kuhl, N., Linder, A., et al.; EMBO Rep. 24, e55536 (2023), Abstract
- Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Eugenol in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages and Its Role in Preventing β-Cell Dedifferentiation and Loss Induced by High Glucose-High Lipid Conditions: Gojani, E. G., Wang, B., et al.; Molecules 28, (2023), Abstract
- Prolonged hypernutrition impairs TREM2-dependent efferocytosis to license chronic liver inflammation and NASH development: Wang, X., He, Q., et al.; Immunity 56, 58 (2023), Abstract
- Nanoscale organization of the endogenous ASC speck: Glück, I. M., Mathias, G. P., et al.; iScience 26, 108382 (2023), Abstract
- IKKβ primes inflammasome formation by recruiting NLRP3 to the trans-Golgi network: Schmacke, N. A., O’Duill, F., et al.; Immunity 55, 2271 (2022), Abstract
- The ZFP36 family of RNA binding proteins regulates homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses: M.E. Cook, et al.; Sci. Immunol. 7, eabo0981 (2022), Abstract
- Cannabinoids Alleviate the LPS-Induced Cytokine Storm via Attenuating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling and TYK2-Mediated STAT3 Signaling Pathways In Vitro: Suryavanshi, S. V., Zaiachuk, M., et al.; Cells 11, (2022), Abstract
- Cannabinoids Alleviate the LPS-Induced Cytokine Storm via Attenuating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signalling and TYK2-Mediated STAT3 Signalling Pathways em>In Vitro/em>: Suryavanshi, S. V., Zaiachuk, M., et al.; Preprints.org , (2022)
- Tumor necrosis factor is a necroptosis-associated alarmin: Pinci, F., Gaidt, M. M., et al.; Front. Immunol. 13, 1074440 (2022), Abstract
- Cytosporone B (Csn-B), an NR4A1 agonist, attenuates acute cardiac allograft rejection by inducing differential apoptosis of CD4+T cells: X. Ding, et al.; Int. Immunopharmacol. 104, 108521 (2022), Abstract
- Selection of a novel strain of Christensenella minuta as a future biotherapy for Crohn’s disease: K. Relizani, et al.; Sci. Rep. 12, 6017 (2022), Abstract
- Beneficial effects of celastrol on immune balance by modulating gut microbiota in experimental ulcerative colitis: M. Li, et al.; Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics , (2022), Abstract
- Beneficial Effects of Celastrol on Immune Balance by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: Li, M., Guo, W., et al.; bioRxiv , (2021)
- Self-sustaining IL-8 loops drive a prothrombotic neutrophil phenotype in severe COVID-19: Kaiser, R., Leunig, A., et al.; JCI Insight 6, (2021), Abstract
- CARD8 inflammasome activation triggers pyroptosis in human T cells: Linder, A., Bauernfried, S., et al.; EMBO J. 39, e105071 (2020), Abstract
- Type II Natural Killer T Cells Contribute to Protection Against Systemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Genardi, S., Visvabharathy, L., et al.; Front. Immunol. 11, 610010 (2020), Abstract
- TLR8 Is a Sensor of RNase T2 Degradation Products: Greulich, W., Wagner, M., et al.; Cell 179, 1264 (2019), Abstract
- Discovery of a small-molecule protein kinase Cδ-selective activator with promising application in colon cancer therapy: C. Bessa, et al.; Cell Death Dis. 9, 23 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- Mesenchymal stem cells induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in treatment of lupus mice: S. Huang, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 507, 30 (2018), Abstract
- Th17 and IL-17 exhibit higher levels in osteonecrosis of the femoral head and have a positive correlation with severity of pain: Zou, D., Zhang, K., et al.; Endokrynol. Pol. 69, 283 (2018), Abstract
- Liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5a2) regulates CD95/Fas ligand transcription and associated T-cell effector functions: J. Schwaderer, et al.; Cell Death Dis. 8, e2745 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- Novel augmentation by bufalin of protein kinase C-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-8 production in human breast cancer cells: H.T. Chen, et al.; Innate Immun. 23, 54 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- Effects of the Indirubin Derivative E804 on Glioblastoma Associated Immunomodulation: H. Houke; , (2016), (master’s thesis), Application(s): Cell culture, Full Text
- CD1b-autoreactive T cells recognize phospholipid antigens and contribute to antitumor immunity against a CD1b+ T cell lymphoma: Bagchi, S., Li, S., et al.; Oncoimmunology 5, e1213932 (2016), Abstract
- The IL-33 receptor (ST2) regulates early IL-13 production in fungus-induced allergic airway inflammation: D. Piehler, et al.; Mucosal. Immunol. 9, 937 (2016), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract
- Activity of red wine polyphenols on endothelial nosynthase (eNOS): N. Djibril, et al.; African J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 10, 766 (2016), Application(s): Positive control reference in luciferase reporter gene assay, Full Text
- Effects of replacing soybean meal with rubber seed meal on growth, antioxidant capacity, non-specific immune response, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus): J. Deng, et al.; Fish Shellfish Immunol. 44, 436 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture , Abstract
- Inactivation of Notch signaling reverses the Th17/Treg imbalance in cells from patients with immune thrombocytopenia: Yu, S., Liu, C., et al.; Lab. Invest. 95, 157 (2015), Abstract
- β-glucan microparticles targeted to epithelial APN as oral antigen delivery system: K. Baert, et al.; J. Control Release 220, 149 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract
- The ORF61 Protein Encoded by Simian Varicella Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus Inhibits NF-κB Signaling by Interfering with IκBα Degradation: Whitmer, T., Malouli, D., et al.; J. Virol. 89, 8687 (2015), Abstract
- Chrysin suppresses human CD14+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: K. Zhang, et al.; J. Neuroimmunol. 288, 13 (2015), Application(s): Intracellular cytokine staining, Abstract
- Puerarin attenuates smoke inhalation injury by regulation of Th1/Th2 expression and inhibition of Th17 cells in rats: F. Zhang, et al.; Int. Immunopharmacol. 28, 546 (2015), Application(s): Injected into mice, Abstract
- The Profile of T Helper Subsets in Bone Marrow Microenvironment Is Distinct for Different Stages of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients and Chemotherapy Partly Ameliorates These Variations: T. Tian, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0131761 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract — Full Text
- Procyanidin Trimer C1 Derived from Theobroma cacao Reactivates Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Provirus: T. Hori, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 459, 288 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract
- Afadin requirement for cytokine expressions in keratinocytes during chemically induced inflammation in mice: Yoshida, T., Iwata, T., et al.; Genes. Cells 19, 842 (2014), Abstract
- Evaluation of suppressive and pro-resolving effects of EPA and DHA in human primary monocytes and T-helper cells: Jaudszus, A., Gruen, M., et al.; J. Lipid Res. 54, 923 (2013), Abstract
- Activation of an NLRP3 inflammasome restricts Mycobacterium kansasii infection: Chen, C. C., Tsai, S. H., et al.; PLoS One 7, e36292 (2012), Abstract
- Inflammatory stimuli inhibit glucocorticoid-dependent transactivation in human pulmonary epithelial cells: rescue by long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists: Rider, C. F., King, E. M., et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 338, 860 (2011), Abstract
- Induction of ANGPTL4 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells by PMA through activation of PKC and MAPK pathways: Stapleton, C. M., Joo, J. H., et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 316, 507 (2010), Abstract
- Gamma-secretase gene mutations in familial acne inversa: B. Wang, et al.; Science 330, 1065 (2010), Abstract
- Phorbol esters: structure, biological activity, and toxicity in animals: G. Goel, et al.; Int. J. Toxicol. 26, 279 (2007), Abstract
- Inhibitory effects of [6]-gingerol on PMA-induced COX-2 expression and activation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK in mouse skin: S.O. Kim, et al.; Biofactors 21, 27 (2004), Abstract
- Characterization of phorbol esters activity on individual mammalian protein kinase C isoforms, using the yeast phenotypic assay: L. Saraiva et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 491, 101 (2003), Abstract
- Phorbol esters and neurotransmitter release: more than just protein kinase C?: E.M. Silinsky & T.J. Searl; Br. J. Pharmacol. 138, 1191 (2003), Abstract
- Gene expression of TPA induced differentiation in HL-60 cells by DNA microarray analysis: X. Zheng et al.; Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 4489 (2002), Abstract
- Phorbol esters and synthetic diacylglycerols inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in human spermatozoa: an effect mediated by protein kinase C?: A. Aanesen et al.; Mol. Hum. Reprod. 4, 339 (1998), Abstract
- Evidence for different mechanisms of growth inhibition of T-cell lymphoma by phorbol esters and concanavalin A: S. Desrivieres et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2470 (1997), Abstract
- Effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on Ca2+-ATPase activity in rat liver nuclei: K. Oishi & M. Yamaguchi; J. Cell. Biochem. 55, 168 (1994), Abstract
- Phorbol ester induces apoptosis in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells but not in HL-60 PET mutant: D.E. Macfarlane & P.S. O’Donnell; Leukemia 7, 1846 (1993), Abstract
- Differential irreversible insertion of protein kinase C into phospholipid vesicles by phorbol esters and related activators: M.G. Kazanietz et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20878 (1992), Abstract
- Phorbol esters induce nitric oxide synthase activity in rat hepatocytes. Antagonism with the induction elicited by lipopolysaccharide: S. Hortelano et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 24937 (1992), Abstract
- Activation of the PKC-isotypes alpha, beta 1, gamma, delta and epsilon by phorbol esters of different biological activities: V.J. Ryves et al.; FEBS Lett. 288, 5 (1991), Abstract
- Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters: M. Castagna et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7847 (1982), Abstract
- In vitro studies on the mode of action of the phorbol esters, potent tumor promoters: part 1: P.M. Blumberg; CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 8, 153 (1980), Abstract
- Autoxidation of phorbol esters under normal storage conditions: R. Schmidt & E. Hecker; Cancer Res. 35, 1375 (1975), Abstract
Related Products

CAS | 38966-21-1 |
---|---|
Couple Type | Inhibitor |
Purity | ≥98% (TLC) |

Alternative Name | 6-(6-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-E][1,3]benzodioxol-8-ol, (+)-Decumbensine |
---|---|
CAS | 6883-44-9 |
Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) |

Alternative Name | (3S,3aR,4R,4aS,8aR,9aS)-4-[(1E)-2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-Dimethyl-2-piperdinyl]ethenyl]decahydro-3-methyl-naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one |
---|---|
CAS | 6879-74-9 |
Couple Type | Inhibitor |
Purity | ≥98% |
Last modified: May 29, 2024
Datasheet, Manuals, SDS & CofA
Manuals And Inserts
Certificate of Analysis
Please enter the lot number as featured on the product label
SDS
Enzo Life Science provides GHS Compliant SDS
If your language is not available please fill out the SDS request form