p47Phox polyclonal antibody

Originally recognized for their role in the respiratory burst of phagocytes, the NOX family of NADPH oxidases is now known to consist of at least 13 enzymes and enzyme subunits that catalyze the production of superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nearly all cells and tissues. NOX enzymes contribute to a multitude of physiological functions including host defense, cell signaling, and differentiation, with dysregulation linked to pathological manifestations including immunosuppression, hypothyroidism, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. p47Phox, also known as neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1), is considered the organizing subunit of NADPH oxidase enzyme complexes containing the prototypic NOX2 enzyme. Cell stimulation results in phosphorylation of p47Phox, exposing a proline rich region which mediates translocation and association with membrane-associated NOX2/p22 complexes. Translocation of p47Phox is accompanied by the p40Phox subunit and p67Phox activator subunit, which along with GTP-bound Rac completes formation of the active NOX2 oxidase complex. Defects in p47Phox are associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), characterized by an inability of host macrophages and phagocytes to kill ingested microbes, leading to life-threatening infections.