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Bcl-rambo (human) (CT) monoclonal antibody (Rocky-2) Immunofluorescence
Hypoxia reduces inflammatory processes and induces autophagy in Il-10−/− mice. a, b, c, d, e, f and g WT, Nrlp3−/−,Il-10−/−, and Il-10−/−Nrlp3−/−double knockout mice were subjected to normoxia (N, 21% O2) or hypoxia (H, 8% O2). After 18 h, mice were killed and colon biopsies were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. Results represent mean + s.e.m., WT mice under normoxia: n = 5, WT mice under hypoxia: n = 5; Nrlp3−/− mice under normoxia: n = 4; Nrlp3−/− mice under hypoxia: n = 5; Il-10−/− mice under hypoxia: n = 4; Il-10−/− mice under hypoxia: n = 4; Il-10−/−Nrlp3−/− mice under normoxia: n = 7; Il-10−/−Nrlp3−/− mice under hypoxia: n = 9, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. h Total protein was isolated and western blot performed. LC3-I and LC3-II bands were quantified, and autophagy was measured by variations in the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the total amount of LC3 (LC3-I plus LC3-II) relative to β-actin
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the following publication: Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun (2017)
DMOG reduces inflammation and induces autophagy in DSS-treated mice. a, b, c, d, e and f WT mice were administered with 2% DSS for 5 days and co-administered with 8 mg DMOG injected intraperitoneally every second day. Weight loss was monitored during the course of treatment a. After a recovery period, mice were killed at day 9 colon biopsies were collected and colon length was measured b. Mucosal damage was assessed by colonoscopy c and murine endoscopic score of colitis severity (MEICS) was calculated d. H&E staining of distal colon sections displayed a significant decrease in barrier breakdown and inflammatory infiltrate in DMOG-treated mice e. Scale bar, 100 µm. Total histological score at day 9 was calculated as the sum of epithelial damage and infiltration score f. g, h, i, j, k, l and m distal colon biopsies were collected and transcript analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test.Results represent mean + s.e.m., DSS-treated mice administered with PBS: n = 5; DSS-treated mice administered with DMOG: n = 5; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. n Total protein was isolated and Western blot performed. LC3-I and LC3-II bands were quantified, and autophagy was measured by variations in the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the total amount of LC3 (LC3-I plus LC3-II) relative to β-actin
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the following publication: Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun (2017)
Hypoxia reduces inflammatory signaling pathways and NLRP3 expression and induces autophagy in IECs. a HT-29 cells were subjected to normoxia and hypoxia at the indicated times in the absence or presence of 10 µg/ml LPS. Autophagy was measured by variations in the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the total amount of LC3 (LC3-I plus LC3-II) relative to β-actin. Results are representative of two independent experiments. b, c and d HT-29 cells were subjected to normoxia and hypoxia for the indicated periods in the absence or presence of 10 µg/ml LPS, followed by transcript analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. Results represent mean + s.e.m. of two independent experiments done in triplicate, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns not significant. e HT-29 cells were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia in the presence and absence of 10 µg/ml LPS and 20 µM of MG132. Results are representative of two independent experiments. f and g Putative binding sites for HIF-1α and NF-κB were found in the p62 f and NLRP3 g promoters using Genomatix software tools. Numbers under the boxes indicate the distance from the transcription start site. HT-29 cells were subjected to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (0.2% O2) for 6 h and 24 h. ChIP analysis was performed using antibodies against HIF-1α and NF-κB for immunoprecipitation. PCR was performed using the promoter-specific primers for the p62 f and NLRP3 g promoter binding sites of HIF-1α and NF-κB. Aliquots taken prior to immunoprecipitation were used as input control. PCR products were run on 2% agarose gel. The results are representative of three independent experiments.
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the following publication: Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun (2017)
Hypoxia reduces inflammatory processes and induces autophagy in the DSS mouse model of colitis. a, b, c, d, e, f and g WT and Nrlp3−/− mice were administered with DSS or DSS-free water and subjected to normoxia (N, 21% O2) or hypoxia (H, 8% O2). After 18 h, mice were killed and colon biopsies were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. Results represent mean + s.e.m., WT mice under normoxia: n = 5, WT mice under normoxia: n = 5, DSS-treated WT mice under normoxia: n = 6; Nrlp3−/− mice under normoxia: n = 5; DSS-treated Nrlp3−/− mice under normoxia: n = 6; WT mice under hypoxia: n = 4, DSS-treated WT mice under hypoxia: n = 5; Nrlp3−/− mice under hypoxia: n = 3; DSS-treated Nrlp3−/− mice under hypoxia: n = 3, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. h Total protein was isolated and western blot performed. LC3-I and LC3-II bands were quantified, and autophagy was measured by variations in the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the total amount of LC3 (LC3-I plus LC3-II) relative to β-actin
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the following publication: Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun (2017)
NLRP3 regulates autophagy through an inflammasome-independent mechanism via direct binding to mTOR. a HT-29 cells were transfected with NLRP3-specific siRNA or negative control siRNA using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. Forty-eight hours after transfection, total protein was isolated and western blot performed. Quantification of the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the total amount of LC3 (LC3-I plus LC3-II) relative to β-actin is presented. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test. Results represent mean + s.e.m. of three independent experiments, *P < 0.05. b HT-29 cells were subjected to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (0.2% O2) for 24 h in the presence and absence of LPS. Co-IP using NLRP3 antibody was performed, followed by anti-mTOR immunoblotting. Quantification relative to cells subjected to normoxia in the absence of LPS after normalization to NLRP3 is presented. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. Results represent mean of three independent experiments + s.e.m., **P < 0.01
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the following publication: Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun (2017)
NLRP3 regulates autophagy through an inflammasome-independent mechanism via direct binding to mTOR. a HT-29 cells were transfected with NLRP3-specific siRNA or negative control siRNA using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. Forty-eight hours after transfection, total protein was isolated and western blot performed. Quantification of the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the total amount of LC3 (LC3-I plus LC3-II) relative to β-actin is presented. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test. Results represent mean + s.e.m. of three independent experiments, *P < 0.05. b HT-29 cells were subjected to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (0.2% O2) for 24 h in the presence and absence of LPS. Co-IP using NLRP3 antibody was performed, followed by anti-mTOR immunoblotting. Quantification relative to cells subjected to normoxia in the absence of LPS after normalization to NLRP3 is presented. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test. Results represent mean of three independent experiments + s.e.m., **P < 0.01
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the following publication: Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun (2017)
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