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Antidiabetic agent
Metformin is an antidiabetic agent. Reduces the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Does not induce hypoglycemia. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Has antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines.
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Product Details
| Alternative Name |
1,1-Dimethylbiguanide . hydrochloride |
|---|---|
| Appearance |
White crystalline powder. |
| CAS |
1115-70-4 |
| Formula |
C4H11N5 . HCl |
| MI |
14: 5938 |
| MW |
165.6 |
| Purity |
≥97% (Assay) |
| RTECS |
DU1800000 |
| Solubility |
Soluble in water (50mg/ml). |
Handling & Storage
| Use/Stability |
As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stock solutions are stable for up to 6 months when stored at -20°C. |
|---|---|
| Handling |
Hygroscopic. |
| Long Term Storage |
+4°C |
| Shipping |
Ambient Temperature |
| Regulatory Status |
RUO – Research Use Only |
|---|
- PI3-kinase deletion promotes myelodysplasia by dysregulating autophagy in hematopoietic stem cells: K. Ames, et al.; Sci. Adv. 9, eade8222 (2023), Abstract
- AMP activated kinase negatively regulates hepatic Fetuin-A via p38 MAPK-C/EBPβ/E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Signaling pathway: Kothari, V., Babu, J. R., et al.; PLoS One 17, e0266472 (2022), Abstract
- Let-7 underlies metformin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose production: D. Xie, et al.; PNAS 119, e2122217119 (2022), Abstract
- In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging of macrophage intracellular metabolism during wound responses in zebrafish: V. Miskolci, et al.; Elife 11, e66080 (2022), Abstract
- Metformin accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration by inducing autophagy: F. Xie, et al.; NPJ Regen. Med. 6, 62 (2021), Abstract
- Impact of diabetes on promoting the growth of breast cancer: P. Chou, et al.; Cancer Commun. (Lond.) 41, 414 (2021), Abstract
- Metformin Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity through Activation of AMPK: Wang, Y., An, H., et al.; Cell Rep. 29, 1511 (2019), Abstract
- High blood sugar levels but not diabetes mellitus significantly enhance oxaliplatin chemoresistance in patients with stage III colorectal cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX6 chemotherapy: I.P. Yang, et al.; Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol. 11, 1758835919866960 (2019), Abstract — Full Text
- Metformin normalizes the structural changes in glycogen preceding prediabetes in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons: L. Ailanen, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. Perspect. 6, e00389 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- Effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells on diabetic nephropathy in rats: N.E. El-Ashmawy, et al.; Biomed. Pharmacother. 97, 1040 (2018), Abstract
- Metformin alters DNA methylation genome-wide via the H19/SAHH axis: T. Zhong, et al.; Oncogene 36, 2345 (2017), Application(s): Cell culture, ARK2 and MCF-7 cells , Abstract
- H19 lncRNA alters methylation and expression of Hnf4a in the liver of metformin-exposed fetuses: J. Deng, et al.; Cell Death Dis. 8, e3175 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- Activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway antagonizes metformin suppression of hepatic glucose production: L. He, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 291, 10562 (2016), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract — Full Text
- Long-Term Pancreatic Beta Cell Exposure to High Levels of Glucose but Not Palmitate Induces DNA Methylation within the Insulin Gene Promoter and Represses Transcriptional Activity: K. Ishikawa, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0115350 (2015), Application(s): Treatment of pancreatic beta cell INS-1 culture, Abstract — Full Text
- Inhibition of integrin-linked kinase expression by emodin through crosstalk of AMPKα and ERK1/2 signaling and reciprocal interplay of Sp1 and c-Jun: Q. Tang, et al.; Cell Signal. 27, 1469 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract
- Dehydroepiandrosterone activates AMP kinase and regulates GLUT4 and PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myotubes: T. Yokokawa, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 463, 42 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract
- Compound C inhibits in vitro angiogenesis and ameliorates thrombin-induced endothelial barrier failure: D. Gündüz, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 768, 165 (2015), Application(s): Cell culture , Abstract
- Metformin suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through induction of SIRT1 and GCN5: P.W. Caton, et al.; J. Endocrinol. 205, 97 (2010), Abstract
- The impact of type 2 diabetes and antidiabetic drugs on cancer cell growth: Y.H. Feng, et al.; J. Cell. Mol. Med. 15, 825 (2010), Abstract
- AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling: M.C. Towler & D.G. Hardie; Circ. Res. 100, 328 (2007), Abstract
- Insulin-lowering agents inhibit synthesis of testosterone in ovaries of DHEA-induced PCOS rats: T. Misugi, et al.; Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 61, 208 (2006), Abstract
- Metformin is an AMP kinase-dependent growth inhibitor for breast cancer cells: M. Zakikhani, et al.; Cancer Res. 66, 10269 (2006), Abstract
- Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review: A. Natali and E. Ferrannini; Diabetologia 49, 434 (2006), Abstract
- The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin: R.J. Shaw, et al.; Science 310, 5754 (2005), Abstract
- Starting patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy using once-daily injections of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30, biphasic human insulin 70/30, or NPH insulin in combination with metformin: C. Kilo, et al.; J. Diabetes Complications 17, 307 (2003), Abstract
- Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: ; Lancet 352, 854 (1998), Abstract
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