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MDA5 is a highly conserved helicase whose ATPase activity can be stimulated by RNA and less potently by DNA. It contains two N-terminal CARD domains and a C-terminal helicase domain. The helicase domain, once freed from the CARD domains, then translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it acts on chromatin architecture. This could allow a more easy access of CAD, thereby accelerating the degradation of genomic DNA.
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HEV does not target MAVS.(A) Confocal images showing MAVS and viral antigens in HepG2 cells infected with either HEV (top) or HAV (bottom). Cells were stained 5 days after infection with a rabbit anti-MAVS, chimpanzee 1313 serum (HEV), or a murine monoclonal antibody K24F2 (HAV). DAPI was used to stain the nuclei. Scale bar: 10 μm. (B) Confocal images showing the mitochondrial localization of MAVS in HepG2 cells with or without HEV replicon. MAVS was stained with a rabbit antibody against MAVS (green). Mitochondria was visualized with MitoTracker (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 10 μm. (C) HepG2 cells with or without the HEV replicon were transfected with a MAVS-expressing plasmid along with a HAV 3ABC-expressing plasmid or an empty vector. The endogenous (closed arrowheads) and overexpressed MAVS (open arrowheads) were detected with a rabbit anti-MAVS antibody. Note that co-expression of HAV 3ABC led to the degradation of MAVS. (D) HepG2 cells with or without the HEV replicon were transfected with poly IC (6 μg/ml). After 6 h, cells were lysed and subjected to Western blot analysis using antibodies against MAVS and β-actin. Crude mitochondria were isolated and subjected to SDD-AGE for detection of MAVS polymer. (E-F) HepG2 cells with or without the HEV replicon were transfected with poly IC (6 μg/ml). After 6 h, intracellular IFN mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR (E) and supernatant IFN-λ concentration was measured by ELISA (F). In panel E, data are expressed as fold changes relative to mock transfected cells containing no replicon, and the results show the mean ± SEM of 2 independent experiments. (G) Immunoblots of endogenous RIG-I, MDA5, ISG56, MAVS, and β-actin in HepG2 cells, replicon cells or replicon-cured cells following poly IC transfection (1.5 μg/ml, 12 h). (H-I) HepG2 cells with or without the HEV replicon were transfected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) 3’UTR RNA. After 6 h, intracellular IFN mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR (H), and concentrations of supernatant IFN-λ were measured by ELISA (I). The results show the mean ± SEM of 2 independent experiments. (J) Immunoblots of endogenous RIG-I, MDA5, ISG56, MAVS, and β-actin in HepG2 cells with or without the replicon before or after HCV 3’UTR RNA transfection (3.6 μg/ml, 14 h).
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the following publication: Hepatitis E virus persists in the presence of a type III interferon response. PLoS Pathog (2017)
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Related Products
| Alternative Name | Helicard, Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1, RH116, CADM-140 autoantigen, RIG-I-like receptor 2, RLR-2 |
|---|---|
| Application | ELISA, IP, WB |
| Host | Mouse |
| Isotype | IgG1 |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| Alternative Name | Helicard, Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1, RH116, CADM-140 autoantigen, RIG-I-like receptor 2, RLR-2 |
|---|---|
| Application | ELISA, WB |
| Host | Mouse |
| Isotype | IgG1 |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse |
| Alternative Name | Helicard, Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1, RH116, CADM-140 autoantigen, RIG-I-like receptor 2, RLR-2 |
|---|---|
| Application | ELISA, IF, IHC (PS), WB |
| Host | Rabbit |
| Isotype | IgG |
| Species Reactivity | Human, Mouse |