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MALP-2 (BULK)

ALX-162-034

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Activator of TLR2/TLR6 complex.

MALP-2 was originally isolated from Mycoplasma fermentans. This MALP-2 corresponds to the originally isolated isomer, which expresses potent endotoxin-like activity and approaches in certain experimental systems the toxicity of LPS. For description of the stereochemistry of MALP-2. MALP-2 signalling, unlike that of LPS, is not transduced via TLR4, but is induced via TLR2 and TLR6 signalling. For more information about MALP-2 see www.malp-research.de. BULK size (500μg) of biologically active, pyrogen-free and sterile MALP-2 for in vitro and animal in vivo studies.

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Product Details

Alternative Name	Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2, S-[2,3-bis(Palmityloxy)-(2R)-propyl-cysteinyl-GNNDESNISFKEK]
Concentration	1mg/ml
Formula	C₉₉H₁₆₇N₁₉O₃₀S
Formulation	Liquid. Pyrogen-free, sterile solution in 33% (v/v) 2-propanol/water.
MW	2135.2
Purity Detail	HPLC purified
Source	Synthetic.
Technical Info / Product Notes	MALP-2 sticks avidly to glass or plastic. Since it is active at very low concentrations, i.e. at high dilutions, these low amounts of material tend to become adsorbed to pipette tips and plastic or glass containers. To avoid this, prepare several dilution steps of the MALP-2 stock solution with medium containing 5% autologous serum or buffers with 2% HSA. The presence of 50mM octyl glucoside in the first dilution step is often beneficial and gives rise to higher activity. Avoid small volumes in large vessels. Do not filter.Because of the ester-bound fatty acids, MALP-2 is sensitive to alkali or acid. The medium should be preconditioned in the CO₂ incubator in order to ensure that the pH does not become alkaline. Add cells in preconditioned medium as soon as possible and incubate.

Handling & Storage

Use/Stability	As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stable for at least 3 years when stored at -20°C. This stock solution is stable for many months when kept in the refrigerator. MALP-2 solutions in the presene of carrier (50mM octyl glucoside, see Background/Technical Information below) are stable at +4°C at least 6 weeks. Some (10%) decrease of activity may occur shortly after transfer into new vessels. This is not due to decomposition but to adsorption (see below). Storage at room temperature for short periods of time does not influence bioactivity. When deep-frozen, MALP-2 does not loose activity within years.
Handling	Avoid accidental injection, extreme care should be taken with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation and prevent this compound from entering the bloodstream. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Short Term Storage	-20°C
Long Term Storage	-80°C
Shipping	Dry Ice

Regulatory Status	RUO – Research Use Only

CD14 and TRIF govern distinct responsiveness and responses in mouse microglial TLR4 challenges by structural variants of LPS: T. Regen, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun. 25, 957 (2011), Abstract
The role of TLR2 in the inflammatory activation of mouse fibroblasts by human antiphospholipid antibodies: N. Satta, et al.; Blood 109, 1507 (2007), Abstract
The tumor suppressor CYLD Acts as a Negative Regulator for Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling via Negative Cross-talk with TRAF6 and TRAF7: H. Yoshida, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 41111 (2005), Abstract — Full Text
CD14 is required for MyD88-independent LPS signaling: Z. Jiang, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 565 (2005), Abstract
IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses: K. Honda, et al.; Nature 434, 772 (2005), Abstract
Differential recognition of structural details of bacterial lipopeptides by toll-like receptors: M. Morr, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3337 (2002), Abstract
The Mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 is a potent mucosal adjuvant: F. Rharbaoui, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 2857 (2002), Abstract
In vivo effects of a synthetic 2-kilodalton macrophage-activating lipopeptide of Mycoplasma fermentans after pulmonary application: A. Luhrmann, et al.; Infect. Immun. 70, 3785 (2002), Abstract — Full Text
Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6: O. Takeuchi, et al.; Int. Immunol. 13, 933 (2001), Abstract
MALP-2, a Mycoplasma lipopeptide with classical endotoxic properties: end of an era of LPS monopoly?: C. Galanos, et al.; J. Endotox. Res. 6, 471 (2000), Abstract