MALP-2

ALX-162-027

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Activator of the TLR2/TLR6 complex.

MALP-2 was originally isolated from Mycoplasma fermentans. This MALP-2 corresponds to the originally isolated isomer, which expresses potent endotoxin-like activity and approaches in certain experimental systems the toxicity of LPS. For description of the stereochemistry of MALP-2 please refer to M. Morr, et al. Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3337 (2002). The importance of the stereochemistry of the central carbon atom of the diacylglycerol group has been described in the K.M. Omueti, et al. paper (2005), see below. MALP-2 signaling, unlike that of LPS, is not transduced via TLR4, but is induced via TLR2 and TLR6 signaling. For more information about MALP-2 see www.malp-research.de.

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Product Details

Alternative Name	Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2, S-[2,3-bis(Palmityloxy)-(2R)-propyl-cysteinyl-GNNDESNISFKEK]
Concentration	0.1mg/ml
Formula	C₉₉H₁₆₇N₁₉O₃₀S
Formulation	Liquid. Sterile solution in PBS containing 2.5% (v/v) 2-propanol, 25mM n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and 1% (wt/v) human serum albumin.
MW	2135.2
Quantity	1×10⁷units.
Source	Synthetic.
Technical Info / Product Notes	MALP-2 sticks avidly to glass or plastic. Since it is active at very low concentrations, i.e. at high dilutions, these low amounts of material tend to become adsorbed to pipette tips and plastic or glass containers. To avoid this, prepare several dilution steps of the MALP-2 stock solution with medium containing 5% autologous serum or buffers with 2% HSA. The presence of 50mM octyl glucoside in the first dilution step is often beneficial and gives rise to higher activity. Avoid small volumes in large vessels. Do not filter.Because of the ester-bound fatty acids, MALP-2 is sensitive to alkali or acid. The medium should be preconditioned in the CO₂ incubator in order to ensure that the pH does not become alkaline. Add cells in preconditioned medium as soon as possible and incubate.

Handling & Storage

Use/Stability	As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stable for at least 2 years when stored at -20°C.
Handling	Avoid accidental injection, extreme care should be taken with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation and prevent this compound from entering the bloodstream. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Short Term Storage	-20°C
Long Term Storage	-80°C
Shipping	Blue Ice

Regulatory Status	RUO – Research Use Only

CXCL12+ dermal fibroblasts promote neutrophil recruitment and host defense by recognition of IL-17: Cavagnero, K. J., Li, F., et al.; J. Exp. Med. 221, (2024), Abstract
Sensor macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells to assess pyrogenic contaminations in parenteral drugs: S. Abdin, et al.; Biofabrication 16, (2024), Abstract
Neuroinflammation, autoinflammation, splenomegaly and anemia caused by bi-allelic mutations in IRAK4: Cooray, S., Price-Kuehne, F., et al.; Front. Immunol. 14, 1231749 (2023), Abstract
Commensal bacteria weaken the intestinal barrier by suppressing epithelial neuropilin-1 and Hedgehog signaling: Pontarollo, G., Kollar, B., et al.; Nat. Metab. 5, 1174 (2023), Reactant(s): Mouse, Abstract
Antimicrobial production by perifollicular dermal preadipocytes is essential to the pathophysiology of acne: A.M. O’Neill, et al.; Sci. Transl. Med. 14, eabh1478 (2022), Abstract
Antimicrobials from a feline commensal bacterium inhibit skin infection by drug-resistant S. pseudintermedius: O’Neill, A. M., Worthing, K. A., et al.; Elife 10, (2021), Abstract
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21088216: Q.W. Yu, et al.; J. Ethnopharmacol. 207, 92 (2017), Abstract
Allergy-Inducing Chromium Compounds Trigger Potent Innate Immune Stimulation Via ROS-Dependent Inflammasome Activation: C. Adam, et al.; J. Invest. Dermatol. 137, 367 (2017), Abstract
Induction of galectin-1 by TLR-dependent PI3K activation enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition of metastatic ovarian cancer cells: G.B. Park, et al.; Oncol. Rep. 37, 3137 (2017), Abstract
NLRP3 activation and mitosis are mutually exclusive events coordinated by NEK7, a new inflammasome component: H. Shi, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 17, 250 (2016), Application(s): Stimulation of human monocytes, Abstract

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Last modified: May 29, 2024

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MALP-2

ALX-162-027

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