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TLR4 activator
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Product Details
| Activity |
Strong activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. No further re-extraction required. Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies. |
|---|---|
| Alternative Name |
Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re) |
| Couple Target |
TLR, TLR4 |
| Couple Type |
Activator, Ligand |
| Formulation |
Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
| Purity |
Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
| Source |
Rough (R)-form LPS, isolated and purified from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
Handling & Storage
| Use/Stability |
As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. |
|---|---|
| Handling |
Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel. |
| Long Term Storage |
+4°C |
| Shipping |
Ambient Temperature |
| Regulatory Status |
RUO – Research Use Only |
|---|
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- Co-imaging of RelA and c-Rel reveals features of NF-κB signaling for ligand discrimination: Rahman, S. M. T., Singh, A., et al.; Cell Rep. 43, 113940 (2024), Abstract
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- Immunostimulatory activity of fluoxetine in macrophages via regulation of the PI3K and P38 signaling pathways: H.T. Önal, et al.; Immunol. Res. 71, 413 (2023), Abstract
- Distinct metabolic requirements regulate B cell activation and germinal center responses: Sharma, R., Smolkin, R., et al.; Nat. Immunol. 24, 1358 (2023), Abstract
- Erythropoietin Enhances Post-ischemic Migration and Phagocytosis and Alleviates the Activation of Inflammasomes in Human Microglial Cells: Arik, E., Heinisch, O., et al.; Front. Cell. Neurosci. 16, 915348 (2022), Abstract
- Novel benzoylthiourea derivatives had differential anti-inflammatory photodynamic therapy potentials on in vitro stimulated mammalian macrophages: F. M. Emen, et al.; Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther. 37, 102685 (2022), Abstract
- Water-Based Synthesis of Copper Chalcogenide Structures and Their Photodynamic Immunomodulatory Activities on Mammalian Macrophages: F. Ayaz, et al.; Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 194, 3677 (2022), Abstract
- Small-molecule screening identifies Syk kinase inhibition and rutaecarpine as modulators of macrophage training and SARS-CoV-2 infection: S.P. John, et al.; Cell Rep. 41, 111441 (2022), Abstract
- Double knockin mice show NF-κB trajectories in immune signaling and aging: S.M.T. Rahman, et al.; Cell Rep. 41, 111682 (2022), Abstract
- Hedgehog dysregulation contributes to tissue-specific inflammaging of resident macrophages: Babagana, M., Oh, K. S., et al.; Aging (Albany NY) 13, 19207 (2021), Abstract
- Boosting NAD level suppresses inflammatory activation of PBMCs in heart failure: Zhou, B., Wang, D. D., et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 130, 6054 (2020), Abstract
- MPL Adjuvant Contains Competitive Antagonists of Human TLR4: Y.Q. Wang, et al.; Front. Immunol. 11, 577823 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- Phosphoproteome Analysis in Immune Cell Signaling: Rathore, D., Nita-Lazar, A., et al.; Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 130, e105 (2020), Abstract
- Distinct Requirements of CHD4 during B Cell Development and Antibody Response: Yen, W. F., Sharma, R., et al.; Cell Rep. 27, 1472 (2019), Abstract
- IRAK1-mediated coincidence detection of microbial signals licenses inflammasome activation: Vayttaden, S. J., Smelkinson, M., et al.; bioRxiv , (2019)
- PD-L1:CD80 Cis-Heterodimer Triggers the Co-stimulatory Receptor CD28 While Repressing the Inhibitory PD-1 and CTLA-4 Pathways: Zhao, Y., Lee, C. K., et al.; Immunity 51, 1059 (2019), Abstract
- PD-L1:CD80 Heterodimer Triggers CD28 While Repressing Both PD-1 and CTLA4 Pathways: Zhao, Y., Lin, C., et al.; bioRxiv , (2019)
- The B Cell Activation-Induced miR-183 Cluster Plays a Minimal Role in Canonical Primary Humoral Responses: Pucella, J. N., Cols, M., et al.; J. Immunol. 202, 1383 (2019), Abstract
- Immunomodulatory activities of zinc(II)phthalocyanine on the mammalian macrophages through p38 pathway: Potential ex vivo immunomodulatory PDT reagents: A. Yuzer, et al.; Bioorg. Chem. 92, 103249 (2019), Abstract
- Dual Roles for Ikaros in Regulation of Macrophage Chromatin State and Inflammatory Gene Expression: Oh, K. S., Gottschalk, R. A., et al.; J. Immunol. 201, 757 (2018), Abstract
- High PD-L1/CD86 MFI ratio and IL-10 secretion characterize human regulatory dendritic cells generated for clinical testing in organ transplantation: A.F. Zahorchak, et al.; Cell. Immunol. 323, 9 (2018), Abstract
- DNA-release by Streptococcus pneumoniae autolysin LytA induced Krueppel-like factor 4 expression in macrophages: T. Herta, et al.; Sci. Rep. 8, 5723 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- IFIT1 Exerts Opposing Regulatory Effects on the Inflammatory and Interferon Gene Programs in LPS-Activated Human Macrophages: John, S. P., Sun, J., et al.; Cell Rep. 25, 95 (2018), Abstract
- Regulation of S100A8 Stability by RNF5 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Determines Intestinal Inflammation and Severity of Colitis: Y. Fujita, et al.; Cell. Rep. 24, 3296 (2018), Abstract
- Anti-Inflammatory Chromatinscape Suggests Alternative Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Action: Oh, K. S., Patel, H., et al.; Immunity 47, 298 (2017), Abstract
- Key Role of the Scavenger Receptor MARCO in Mediating Adenovirus Infection and Subsequent Innate Responses of Macrophages: M.D. Maler, et al.; MBio 8, e00670 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- Genome-wide siRNA screen of genes regulating the LPS-induced NF-κB and TNF-α responses in mouse macrophages: Li, N., Katz, S., et al.; Sci. Data 4, 170008 (2017), Abstract
- Genome-wide siRNA screen of genes regulating the LPS-induced TNF-α response in human macrophages: Sun, J., Katz, S., et al.; Sci. Data 4, 170007 (2017), Abstract
- Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPC1) interacts with the RNA-binding protein hnRNPLL and thereby regulates immunoglobulin secretion in plasma cells: Peng, Y., Yuan, J., et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 292, 12285 (2017), Abstract
- Measurement of NF-κB Activation in TLR-Activated Macrophages: Ernst, O., Vayttaden, S. J., et al.; Methods Mol. Biol. 1714, 67 (2017), Abstract
- Systematic Investigation of Multi-TLR Sensing Identifies Regulators of Sustained Gene Activation in Macrophages: Lin, B., Dutta, B., et al.; Cell Syst. 5, 25 (2017), Abstract
- A Pseudomonas aeruginosa hepta-acylated lipid A variant associated with cystic fibrosis selectively activates human neutrophils: SenGupta, S., Hittle, L. E., et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol. 100, 1047 (2016), Abstract
- Comprehensive RNAi-based screening of human and mouse TLR pathways identifies species-specific preferences in signaling protein use: Sun, J., Li, N., et al.; Sci. Signal. 9, ra3 (2016), Abstract
- Accurate quantification of sphingosine-1-phosphate in normal and Fabry disease plasma, cells and tissues by LC-MS/MS with 13C-encoded natural S1P as internal standard: M. Mirzaian, et al.; Clin. Chim. Acta 459, 36 (2016), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract
- Development of a cell system for siRNA screening of pathogen responses in human and mouse macrophages: N. Li, et al.; Sci. Rep. 5, 9559 (2015), Abstract — Full Text
- Fasting and refeeding differentially regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human subjects: J. Traba, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 125, 4592 (2015), Application(s): Cell culture , Abstract — Full Text
- A Cholera Conjugate Vaccine Containing O-specific Polysaccharide (OSP) of V. cholerae O1 Inaba and Recombinant Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Heavy Chain (OSP:rTTHc) Induces Serum, Memory and Lamina Proprial Responses against OSP and Is Protective in Mice: M.A. Sayeed, et al.; PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 9, e0003881 (2015), Application(s): Drug application using mouse splenocytes, Abstract — Full Text
- The macrophage LBP gene is an LXR target that promotes macrophage survival and atherosclerosis: T. Sallam, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 55, 1120 (2014), Abstract
- Switching of the relative dominance between feedback mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB signaling: Sung, M. H., Li, N., et al.; Sci. Signal. 7, ra6 (2014), Abstract
- Bone marrow NR4A expression is not a dominant factor in the development of atherosclerosis or macrophage polarization in mice: L.C. Chao, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 54, 806 (2013), Abstract — Full Text
- Effects of ginsenoside Re on LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in BV2 microglial cells: Lee, K. W., Jung, S. Y., et al.; BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 12, 196 (2012), Abstract
- MyD88 signaling in nonhematopoietic cells protects mice against induced colitis by regulating specific EGF receptor ligands: K. Brandl, et al.; PNAS 10, 19967 (2010), Abstract — Full Text
- Genetic dissection of Toll-like receptor signaling using ENU mutagenesis: K. Hoebe; Methods Mol. Biol. 517, 239 (2009), Abstract
- ENU mutagenesis in mice: Georgel, P., Du, X., et al.; Methods Mol. Biol. 415, 1 (2008), Abstract
- R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006), Abstract
- CD36 is a sensor of diacylglycerides: K. Hoebe, et al.; Nature 433, 523 (2005), Abstract
- Toll-like receptor 9-induced type I IFN protects mice from experimental colitis: K. Katakura, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 115, 695 (2005), Abstract — Full Text
- CD14 is required for MyD88-independent LPS signaling: Z. Jiang, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 565 (2005), Abstract
- Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan activate dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4: C. Termeer, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 195, 99 (2002), Abstract — Full Text
- Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry 9, 11 (1993), Abstract
- Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975), Abstract
- A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969), Abstract
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