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TLR4 activator
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Figure: Activation of macrophages from TLR4 wild type compared to TLR4 deficient mice by LPS and Lipid A from Enzo. Lipid A or LPS concentrations, which induced maximal activation of TLR4 wild type mouse macrophages, were also applied to TLR4 deficient mouse macrophages. 10 units of IL-6 correspond to the detection limit of the IL-6 ELISA.
Product Details
| Activity |
Strong activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. No further re-extraction required.Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies. |
|---|---|
| Alternative Name |
Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype R515 (Re) |
| Couple Target |
TLR, TLR4 |
| Couple Type |
Activator, Ligand |
| Formulation |
Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
| Purity |
Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
| Source |
Rough (R)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli R515 (Re mutant) by a modification of the PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
Handling & Storage
| Use/Stability |
As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. |
|---|---|
| Handling |
Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes Use must be restricted to qualified personnel. Keep sterile. |
| Long Term Storage |
+4°C |
| Shipping |
Ambient Temperature |
| Regulatory Status |
RUO – Research Use Only |
|---|
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ Deficiency Protects From Antimyeloperoxidase Vasculitis: F.F. Barrós, et al.; Arthritis Rheumatol. 75, 64 (2023), Abstract
- Myeloid expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl1 is required in anti-myeloperoxidase vasculitis but myeloperoxidase inhibition is not protective: F.F. Barros, et al.; Kidney Int. 103, 134 (2023), Abstract
- Single cell transcriptomics reveals cell type specific features of developmentally regulated responses to lipopolysaccharide between birth and 5 years: Read, J. F., Serralha, M., et al.; bioRxiv , (2023)
- Reconstituted dry powder formulations of ZnO-adjuvanted ovalbumin induce equivalent antigen specific antibodies but lower T cell responses than ovalbumin adjuvanted with Alhydrogel® or cationic adjuvant formulation 01 (CAF®01): M. Hellfritzsch, et al.; Int. J. Pharm. 648, 123581 (2023), Abstract
- TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions: Do, T., Ma, F., et al.; Sci. Immunol. 7, eabo2787 (2022), Abstract
- Macrophage innate training induced by IL-4 and IL-13 activation enhances OXPHOS driven anti-mycobacterial responses: Lundahl, M. L. E., Mitermite, M., et al.; Elife 11, (2022), Abstract
- Lipopolysaccharide-induced interferon response networks at birth are predictive of severe viral lower respiratory infections in the first year of life: Read, J. F., Serralha, M., et al.; Front. Immunol. 13, 876654 (2022), Abstract
- Goblet cell hyperplasia is not epithelial-autonomous in the Cftr knockout intestine: Walker, N. M., Liu, J., et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 322, G282 (2022), Abstract
- Experimentally Induced Anti-Myeloperoxidase Vasculitis Is Not Attenuated in Factor B or VISTA Deficient Mice: Florez-Barros, F., Freeley, S. J., et al.; Glomerular. Dis. 2, 83 (2022), Abstract
- MK2 Inhibitors as a Potential Crohn’s Disease Treatment Approach for Regulating MMP Expression, Cleavage of Checkpoint Molecules and T Cell Activity: E.J. Lebish, et al.; Pharmaceuticals 15, 1508 (2022), Abstract
- Helminth antigens modulate human PBMCs, attenuating disease progression in a humanised mouse model of graft versus host disease: M. Healy, et al.; Exp. Parasitol. 235, 108231 (2022), Abstract
- Protection against severe infant lower respiratory tract infections by immune training: Mechanistic studies: N.M. Troy, et al.; J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , (2022), Abstract
- The development of novel glucocorticoid receptor antagonists: From rational chemical design to therapeutic efficacy in metabolic disease models: J. Kroon, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 168, 105588 (2021), Abstract
- TLR2- and TLR3-activated microglia induce different levels of neuronal network dysfunction in a context-dependent manner: S. Schilling, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun. 17, 889 (2021), Abstract
- LRRK2 is required for CD38-mediated NAADP-Ca2+ signaling and the downstream activation of TFEB (transcription factor EB) in immune cells: N.R. Nabar, et al.; Autophagy , (2021), Abstract
- Adaptive Evolution in TRIF Leads to Discordance between Human and Mouse Innate Immune Signaling: Hyland, E. M., Webb, A. E., et al.; Genome Biol. Evol. 13, (2021), Abstract
- CORRIGENDUM: ; J. Pathol. 254, 103 (2021), Abstract
- Neutrophils Fuel Effective Immune Responses through Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenesis: Sadiku, P., Willson, J. A., et al.; Cell Metab. 33, 411 (2021), Abstract
- CD244 represents a new therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: L. Agresta, et al.; J. Immunother. Cancer 8, e000245 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- Platelets modulate multiple markers of neutrophil function in response to in vitro Toll-like receptor stimulation: K. Hally, et al.; PLoS One 14, e0223444 (2019), Abstract — Full Text
- let-7 MicroRNAs Regulate Microglial Function and Suppress Glioma Growth through Toll-Like Receptor 7: Buonfiglioli, A., Efe, I. E., et al.; Cell Rep. 29, 3460 (2019), Abstract
- Surface LAMP-2 is an endocytic receptor that diverts antigen internalized by human dendritic cells into highly immunogenic exosomes: D.A. Leone, et al.; J. Immunol. 199, 531 (2017), Application(s): Use with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, Abstract
- Heme oxygenase 2 binds myristate to regulate retrovirus assembly and TLR4 signaling: Y. Zhu, et al.; Cell Host Microbe 21, 220 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- Use of Toll-like receptor agonists to induce ectopic lymphoid structures in Myasthenia gravis mouse models: M. Robinet, et al.; Front. Immunol. 8, 1029 (2017), Application(s): In vivo mouse model, Abstract — Full Text
- The shape and size of hydroxyapatite particles dictate inflammatory responses following implantation: F. Lebre, et al.; Sci. Rep. 7, 2922 (2017), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract — Full Text
- TLR activation by Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) from lipid A mutants of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis: O. Rossi, et al.; Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 23, 304 (2016), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract — Full Text
- Fasciola hepatica Surface Coat Glycoproteins Contain Mannosylated and Phosphorylated N-glycans and Exhibit Immune Modulatory Properties Independent of the Mannose Receptor: A. Ravida, et al.; PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 10, e0004601 (2016), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract — Full Text
- Evaluation of NADPH oxidases as drug targets in a mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: T. Seredenina, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 97, 95 (2016), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract
- The Sur1-Trpm4 channel regulates NOS2 transcription in TLR4-activated microglia: D.B. Kurland, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation 13, 130 (2016), Application(s): LPS activation of TLR4, Abstract — Full Text
- Neutrophil Recruitment to Lymph Nodes Limits Local Humoral Response to Staphylococcus aureus: O. Kamenyeva, et al.; PLoS Pathog. 11, e1004827 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract — Full Text
- Protocatechuic acid inhibits human dendritic cell functional activation: role of PPARγ up-modulation: M. Del Corno, et al.; Immunobiology 219, 416 (2014), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract
- The Step Further to Understand the Role of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Alpha and Group X Secretory Phospholipase A2 in Allergic Inflammation: Pilot Study: E. Pniewska, et al.; BioMed Res. Int. 2014, 670814 (2014), Abstract
- Similarities and differences of innate immune responses elicited by smooth and rough LPS: I. Zanoni, et al.; Immunol. Lett. 142, 41 (2012), Abstract
- Stimulation of TLR4 by recombinant HSP70 requires structural integrity of the HSP70 protein itself: M. Luong, et al.; J. Inflamm. (Lond.) 9, 11 (2012), Abstract — Full Text
- CD14 and TRIF govern distinct responsiveness and responses in mouse microglial TLR4 challenges by structural variants of LPS: T. Regen, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun. 25, 957 (2011), Abstract
- Pathways regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil survival revealed by lentiviral transduction of primary human neutrophils: E.P. Dick, et al.; Immunol. 127, 249 (2009), Abstract — Full Text
- Human Langerhans cells selectively activated via Toll-like receptor 2 agonists acquire migratory and CD4+T cell stimulatory capacity: M. Peiser, et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol. 83, 1118 (2008), Abstract
- The role of TLR2 in the inflammatory activation of mouse fibroblasts by human antiphospholipid antibodies: N. Satta, et al.; Blood 109, 1507 (2007), Abstract — Full Text
- Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 initiate the innate immune response of the renal tubular epithelium to bacterial products: P. Chowdhury, et al.; Clin. Exp. Immunol. 145, 346 (2006), Abstract — Full Text
- R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006), Abstract
- Functional and biochemical characterization of epithelial bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein: G. Canny, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 290, G557 (2006), Abstract — Full Text
- Trypsin-sensitive modulation of intestinal epithelial MD-2 as mechanism of lipopolysaccharide tolerance: E. Cario, et al.; J. Immunol. 176, 4258 (2006), Abstract — Full Text
- Cooperative molecular and cellular networks regulate Toll-like receptor-dependent inflammatory responses: G.E. Morris, et al.; FASEB J. 20, 2153 (2006), Abstract — Full Text
- Toll-like receptor 4 signaling regulates cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation and lipid generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages: H.Y. Qi & J.H. Shelhamer; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 38969 (2005), Abstract — Full Text
- Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by TLR agonists in whole blood: involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, leading to increased levels of Mcl-1, A1, and phosphorylated Bad: S. François, et al.; J. Immunol. 174, 3633 (2005), Abstract — Full Text
- Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry 9, 11 (1993), Abstract
- Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975), Abstract — Full Text
- A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969), Abstract
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