TLR4 activator
- Potent activator of TLR 4
- TLR4-specific activation as shown in TLR4-deficient cells
- Convenient and stable ready-to-use solution
- Highly cited
TLRGRADE® LPS is commonly used to active TLR4, trigger inflammatory signaling, and co-stimulate the immune response, both in vitro and in vivo.
Shipping: Available products typically ship within 24/48h, via priority shipping.
Do you need support? Contact Customer Service or Technical Support.
Online Account
Access or Create Your Account
Product Details
Alternative Name |
Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype O55:B5 S-form |
---|---|
Couple Target |
TLR, TLR4 |
Couple Type |
Activator, Ligand |
Formulation |
Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
Purity |
Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
Source |
Smooth (S)-form LPS isolated and purified from E. coli 055:B5 by a modification of the phenol water extraction and PCP extraction method, converted to the uniform sodium salt form and dissolved in sterile pyrogen-free double distilled water. |
Handling & Storage
Use/Stability |
As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C. |
---|---|
Handling |
Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel. |
Long Term Storage |
+4°C |
Shipping |
Ambient Temperature |
Regulatory Status |
RUO – Research Use Only |
---|
- SLAMF7 and SLAMF8 receptors shape human plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses to intracellular bacteria: Pellegrini, J. M., Keriel, A., et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 135, e182467 (2025), Abstract
- Correction of age-associated defects in dendritic cells enables CD4+ T cells to eradicate tumors: Zhivaki, D., Kennedy, S. N., et al.; Cell 187, 3888 (2024), Abstract
- Non-canonical NF-κB signaling limits the tolerogenic β-catenin-Raldh2 axis in gut dendritic cells to exacerbate intestinal pathologies: Deka, A., Kumar, N., et al.; EMBO J. 43, 3895 (2024), Abstract
- Optimized method for higher yield of alveolar macrophage isolation for ex vivo studies: Devkota, S. P., Onah, C., et al.; Heliyon 10, e37221 (2024), Abstract
- Development and optimization of a diluted whole blood ELISpot assay to test immune function: Ungaro, R. F., Xu, J., et al.; bioRxiv , (2024)
- Host-derived oxidized phospholipids initiate effector-triggered immunity fostering lethality upon microbial encounter: Di Gioia, M., Poli, V., et al.; bioRxiv , (2023)
- AMPK integrates metabolite and kinase-based immunometabolic control in macrophages: I.R. Phair, et al.; Mol. Metab. 68, 101661 (2023), Abstract
- Apis mellifera anatoliaca Venom Exerted Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated Mammalian Macrophages by Reducing the Production of the Inflammatory Cytokines: S. Sevin, et al.; Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 195, 3194 (2023), Abstract
- Immune activation of vaginal human Langerhans cells increases susceptibility to HIV-1 infection: N.H.V. Teijlingen, et al.; Sci. Rep. 13, 3283 (2023), Abstract
- Divergent functional outcomes of NLRP3 blockade downstream of multi-inflammasome activation: therapeutic implications for ALS: Clénet, M. L., Keaney, J., et al.; Front. Immunol. 14, 1190219 (2023), Abstract
- Inflammatory macrophage to hepatocyte signals can be prevented by extracellular vesicle reprogramming: Ghosh, P., Sasaki, K., et al.; J. Cell Sci. 136, (2023), Abstract
- Microglia undergo transcriptional, translational and functional adaptations to dark and light phases in laboratory mice: Mattei, D., Ivanov, A., et al.; bioRxiv , (2023)
- TRIM25 dictates selective miRNA loading into extracellular vesicles during inflammation: King, K. E., Ghosh, P., et al.; Sci. Rep. 13, 22952 (2023), Abstract
- Non-canonical anti-cancer, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory PDT potentials of water soluble phthalocyanine derivatives with imidazole groups and their intracellular mechanism of action: F. Ayaz, et al.; Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther. 39, 103035 (2022), Abstract
- MK2 Inhibitors as a Potential Crohn’s Disease Treatment Approach for Regulating MMP Expression, Cleavage of Checkpoint Molecules and T Cell Activity: E.J. Lebish, et al.; Pharmaceuticals 15, 1508 (2022), Abstract
- Intralesional TLR4 agonist treatment strengthens the organ defense against colonizing cancer cells in the brain: R. Blazquez, et al.; Oncogene 41, 5008 (2022), Abstract
- STING is a common driver of type I interferon responses to diverse bacteria in macrophages: Ragland, S. A., Kagan, J. C., et al.; bioRxiv , (2022)
- Inhibition of transcription factor NFAT activity in activated platelets enhances their aggregation and exacerbates gram-negative bacterial septicemia: V. Poli, et al.; Immunity 55, 224 (2022), Abstract
- Protection against severe infant lower respiratory tract infections by immune training: Mechanistic studies: N.M. Troy, et al.; J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , (2022), Abstract
- RNPS1 inhibits excessive tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling to support hematopoiesis in mice: X. Zhong, et al.; PNAS 119, e2200128119 (2022), Abstract
- Macrophages Are Polarized toward an Inflammatory Phenotype by Their Aged Microenvironment in the Human Skin: L. Gather, et al.; J. Invest. Dermatol. 142, 3136 (2022), Abstract
- Next-Generation Diprovocims with Potent Human and Murine TLR1/TLR2 Agonist Activity That Activate the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: M.H. Yang, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 65, 9230 (2022), Abstract
- An adjuvant strategy enabled by modulation of the physical properties of microbial ligands expands antigen immunogenicity: F. Borriello, et al.; Cell 185, 614 (2022), Abstract
- Specific immunosuppressive role of nanodrugs targeting calcineurin in innate myeloid cells: M. Colombo, et al.; iScience 25, 105042 (2022), Abstract — Full Text
- TAK1 protein kinase activity is required for TLR signalling and cytokine production in myeloid cells: M. Rodrigues, et al.; Biochem. J. 479, 1891 (2022), Abstract — Full Text
- The HIFα-stabilizing drug Roxadustat increases the number of renal Epo-producing Sca-1+ cells: A. Jatho, et al.; Cells 11, 753 (2022), Abstract — Full Text
- Proteomics reveals distinct mechanisms regulating the release of cytokines and alarmins during pyroptosis: K. Phulphager, et al.; Cell Rep. 34, 108826 (2021), Abstract
- Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a function of the interferon landscape across the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients: Sposito, B., Broggi, A., et al.; bioRxiv , (2021)
- DA-DRD5 signaling controls colitis by regulating colonic M1/M2 macrophage polarization: L. Liu, et al.; Cell Death Dis. 12, 500 (2021), Abstract — Full Text
- De novo synthesized polyunsaturated fatty acids operate as both host immunomodulators and nutrients for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: T. Laval, et al.; Elife 10, e71946 (2021), Abstract — Full Text
- Overlapping but disparate inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses to SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial sepsis: an immunological time course analysis: T. Loftus, et al.; Front. Immunol. 12, 792448 (2021), Abstract — Full Text
- Zinc-dependent histone deacetylases drive neutrophil extracellular trap formation and potentiate local and systemic inflammation: V. Poli, et al.; iScience 24, 103256 (2021), Abstract — Full Text
- The interferon landscape along the respiratory tract impacts the severity of COVID-19: B. Sposito, et al.; Cell 184, 4953 (2021), Abstract — Full Text
- CRIg on liver macrophages clears pathobionts and protects against alcoholic liver disease: Y. Duan, et al.; Nat. Commun. 12, 7172 (2021), Abstract
- Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B promotes Ca2+ mobilization and the inflammatory activity of dendritic cells: L. Marongiu, et al.; Sci. Signal. 14, 2120 (2021), Abstract
- The development of novel glucocorticoid receptor antagonists: From rational chemical design to therapeutic efficacy in metabolic disease models: J. Kroon, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 168, 105588 (2021), Abstract
- Neural stem cells traffic functional mitochondria via extracellular vesicles: L.P. Jametti, et al.; PLoS Biol. 19, 1371 (2021), Abstract
- Inflammasomes within hyperactive murine dendritic cells stimulate long-lived T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity: D. Zhivaki, et al.; Cell Rep. 33, 108381 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- G-CSF and G-CSFR Induce a Pro-Tumorigenic Macrophage Phenotype to Promote Colon and Pancreas Tumor Growth: I. Karagiannidis, et al.; Cancers (Basel) 12, 2868 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- GM-CSF induces noninflammatory proliferation of microglia and disturbs electrical neuronal network rhythms in situ: H. Dikmen, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation 17, 235 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- Vascular miR-181b controls tissue factor-dependent thrombogenicity and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: M. Witkowski, et al.; Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 19, 20 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- CD40L membrane retention enhances the immunostimulatory effects of CD40 ligation: T. Elmetwali, et al.; Sci. Rep. 10, 342 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- Differential TAM receptor regulation of hepatic physiology and injury: Zagorska, A., Través, P. G., et al.; bioRxiv , (2020)
- Differential regulation of hepatic physiology and injury by the TAM receptors Axl and Mer: A. Zagorska, et al.; Life Sci. Alli. 3, e202000694 (2020), Abstract — Full Text
- Monocyte procoagulant responses to anthrax peptidoglycan are reinforced by proinflammatory cytokine signaling: N.I. Popescu, et al.; Blood Adv. 3, 2436 (2019), Abstract — Full Text
- Baltic amber teething necklaces: could succinic acid leaching from beads provide anti-inflammatory effects?: M.D. Nissen, et al.; BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 19, 162 (2019), Abstract
- Human neutrophils depend on extrinsic factors produced by monocytes for their survival response to TLR4 stimulation: S. SenGupta, et al.; Innate Immun. 25, 473 (2019), Abstract — Full Text
- The Role of Maternally Acquired Antibody in Providing Protective Immunity Against Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Urban Vietnamese Infants: A Birth Cohort Study: R. de Alwis, et al.; J. Infect Dis. 219, 295 (2019), Abstract — Full Text
- Basophil-derived tumor necrosis factor can enhance survival in a sepsis model in mice: A. Pilponsky, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 20, 129 (2019), Abstract — Full Text
- Mycobacterial Phenolic Glycolipids Selectively Disable TRIF-Dependent TLR4 Signaling in Macrophages: R. Oldenburg, et al.; Front. Immunol. 9, 2 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- Soluble mucus component CLCA1 modulates expression of leukotactic cytokines and BPIFA1 in murine alveolar macrophages but not in bone marrow-derived macrophages: N.A. Erickson, et al.; Histochem. Cell Biol. 149, 619 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Succinate Licenses Neural Stem Cells to Suppress Chronic Neuroinflammation: Peruzzotti-Jametti, L., Bernstock, J. D., et al.; Cell Stem Cell 22, 355 (2018), Abstract
- Anti-TLR2 antibody triggers oxidative phosphorylation in microglia and increases phagocytosis of β-amyloid: A. Rubio-Araiz, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation 15, 247 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- Mouse LIMR3/CD300f is a negative regulator of the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils: K. Ueno, et al.; Sci. Rep. 8, 17406 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- Inhibition of SIK2 and SIK3 during differentiation enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages: N.J. Darling, et al.; Biochem. J. 474, 521 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- The Syk-NFAT-IL-2 Pathway in Dendritic Cells Is Required for Optimal Sterile Immunity Elicited by Alum Adjuvants: H.J. Khameneh, et al.; J. Immunol. 198, 196 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- Identification of TBK1 complexes required for the phosphorylation of IRF3 and the production of interferon β: Bakshi, S., Taylor, J., et al.; Biochem. J. 474, 1163 (2017), Abstract
- A Pseudomonas aeruginosa hepta-acylated lipid A variant associated with cystic fibrosis selectively activates human neutrophils: SenGupta, S., Hittle, L. E., et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol. 100, 1047 (2016), Abstract
- Dynorphin 1-17 and Its N-Terminal Biotransformation Fragments Modulate Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Nuclear Factor-kappa B Nuclear Translocation, Interleukin-1beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Differentiated THP-1 Cells: S.S. Fazalul Rahiman, et al.; PLoS One 11, e0153005 (2016), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract — Full Text
- Aberrant actin depolymerization triggers the pyrin inflammasome and autoinflammatory disease that is dependent on IL-18, not IL-1β: Kim, M. L., Chae, J. J., et al.; J. Exp. Med. 212, 927 (2015), Abstract
- Enhancing the anti-inflammatory activity of chalcones by tuning the Michael acceptor site: H. Rucker, et al.; Org. Biomol. Chem. 13, 3040 (2015), Abstract
- Potent anti-inflammatory effects of the narrow spectrum kinase inhibitor RV1088 on rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane cells: To, W. S., Aungier, S. R., et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 172, 3805 (2015), Abstract
- Diversification of TAM receptor tyrosine kinase function: Zagorska, A., Través, P. G., et al.; Nat. Immunol. 15, 920 (2014), Abstract
- Lipopolysaccharide-induced multinuclear cells: increased internalization of polystyrene beads and possible signals for cell fusion: M. Nakanishi-Matsui, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 440, 611 (2013), Abstract
- Similarities and differences of innate immune responses elicited by smooth and rough LPS: I. Zanoni, et al.; Immunol. Lett. 142, 41 (2012), Abstract
- Stimulation of TLR4 by recombinant HSP70 requires structural integrity of the HSP70 protein itself: M. Luong, et al.; J. Inflamm (Lond) 9, 11 (2012), Abstract — Full Text
- Lipopolysaccharide induces multinuclear cell from RAW264. 7 line with increased phagocytosis activity: M. Nakanishi-Matsui, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 425, 144 (2012), Abstract
- CD14 and TRIF govern distinct responsiveness and responses in mouse microglial TLR4 challenges by structural variants of LPS: T. Regen, et al.; Brain Behav. Immun. 25, 957 (2011), Abstract
- CD14 controls the LPS-induced endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4: I. Zanoni, et al.; Cell 147, 868 (2011), Abstract
- Mice lacking Tbk1 activity exhibit immune cell infiltrates in multiple tissues and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced lethality: E. Marchlik, et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol. 88, 1171 (2010), Abstract
- R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006), Abstract
- Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry 9, 11 (1993), Abstract
- Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Lüderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975), Abstract
- A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969), Abstract
Related Products

Alternative Name | Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype R515 (Re) |
---|---|
Couple Type | Activator, Ligand |
Purity | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |

Alternative Name | Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re) |
---|---|
Couple Type | Activator, Ligand |
Purity | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |

Alternative Name | Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype EH100(Ra) |
---|---|
Couple Type | Activator, Ligand |
Purity | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |

Alternative Name | Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli, Serotype J5 (Rc) |
---|---|
Couple Type | Activator, Ligand |
Purity | Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity. |
Datasheet, Manuals, SDS & CofA
Manuals And Inserts
Certificate of Analysis
Please enter the lot number as featured on the product label
SDS
Enzo Life Science provides GHS Compliant SDS
If your language is not available please fill out the SDS request form