Highly active
Human HDAC1 (HD1) was the first protein to be linked to histone deacetylase activity. It is homologous to the yeast protein Rpd31, a relationship which has since come to define the “class I HDACs”. HDAC1 promotes transcriptional repression by deacetylating lysine ε-amino groups in histone N-terminal tails, a function frequently carried out in association with multi-protein transcription repression complexes such as NuRD3, Sin34 and CoREST6. Ubiquitously expressed in human tissues HDAC1-containing complexes appear to contribute the greater part of (at least class I) deacetylase activity in HeLa nuclear extracts. Aside from its interaction with co-repressors, HDAC1 activity may be regulated by post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation9 and sumoylation or binding to the inhibitor maspin, a tumor-suppressive serpin homolog. Although originally described as a “histone deacetylase”, HDAC1 has been shown to catalyze the regulatory deacetylation of non-histone proteins, including p53. Overexpression of HDAC1 has been found in various cancer types. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have shown considerable promise as anti-cancer agents and HDACi compounds from multiple chemical classes are in stages of drug development ranging from preclinical to phase III trials.
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Product Details
Alternative Name |
Histone deacetylase 1 |
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Formulation |
Liquid. In 50mM TRIS, pH 8.0, 138mM sodium chloride and 10% glycerol. |
Gene/Protein Identifier |
NM_004964 (RefSeq) |
MW |
55 kDa |
Purity Detail |
Partially purified by single-step affinity chromatography and gel filtration. |
Source |
Produced in insect cells. HDAC1 from human cDNA (482 aa). Produced in a baculovirus expression system. |
Specific Activity |
≥5 U/µg. One U=1 pmol/min at 37°C, 100µM, FLUOR DE LYS®-SIRT1 deacetylase substrate (Prod. No. BML-KI177). |
UniProt ID |
Q13547 |
Handling & Storage
Use/Stability |
The enzyme is stable on ice for the time typically required to set up an experiment (30-60 min.), but may lose activity with prolonged storage on ice. It is recommended that thawing and dilution of the enzyme be done within as short a time as possible before start of the assay. The remaining, unused, undiluted enzyme should be refrozen quickly by, for example, snap freezing in a dry/ice ethanol bath or liquid nitrogen. Freezing and storage of diluted enzyme is not recommended. |
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Long Term Storage |
-80°C |
Shipping |
Dry Ice |
Regulatory Status |
RUO – Research Use Only |
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- HDAC3 and HDAC8 PROTAC dual degrader reveals roles of histone acetylation in gene regulation: Xiao, Y., Hale, S., et al.; Cell Chem. Biol. 30, 1421 (2023), Abstract
- Novel hydroxamic acid derivative induces apoptosis and constrains autophagy in leukemic cells: M.A. Fischer, et al.; J. Adv. Res. , (2023), Abstract
- Design, Synthesis, and biological evaluation of HDAC6 inhibitors based on Cap modification strategy: X. Li, et al.; Bioorg. Chem. 125, 105874 (2022), Abstract
- Discovery of Novel Src Homology-2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2 and Histone Deacetylase Dual Inhibitors with Potent Antitumor Efficacy and Enhanced Antitumor Immunity: M. Liu, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 65, 12200 (2022), Abstract
- CaMKII exacerbates heart failure progression by activating class I HDACs: Zhang, M., Yang, X., et al.; J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 149, 73 (2020), Abstract
- Identification of novel multi-stage histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that impair Schistosoma mansoni viability and egg production: A. Guidi, et al.; Parasit. Vectors 11, 668 (2018), Abstract
- Evaluation of WO2017018805: 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole sulfamide derivatives as selective HDAC6 inhibitors: Y.Y. Liang, et al.; Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 28, 647 (2018), Abstract
- Epigenetic regulation of HDAC1 SUMOylation as an endogenous neuroprotection against Aβ toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: C.C. Tao, et al.; Cell Death Differ. 24, 597 (2017), Abstract — Full Text
- Reverse Biosynthesis: Generating Combinatorial Pools of Drug Leads From Enzyme-Mediated Fragmentation of Natural Products: T. Richardson-Sanchez, et al.; Chembiochem. 18, 368 (2017), Abstract
- Class IIa histone deacetylases are hormone-activated regulators of FOXO and mammalian glucose homeostasis: M.M. Mihaylova, et al.; Cell 145, 607 (2011), Abstract — Full Text
- Synthesis and evaluation of aliphatic-chain hydroxamates capped with osthole derivatives as histone deacetylase inhibitors: W.H. Huang, et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. 46, 4042 (2011), Abstract
- Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and other class I HDACs regulate colon cell maturation and p21 expression and are deregulated in human colon cancer: A. J. Wilson et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 281, 13548 (2006), Abstract
- Endogenous inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 by tumor-suppressive maspin: X. Li et al.; Cancer Res. 66, 9323 (2006), Abstract
- Acetylation and deacetylation of non-histone proteins: M. A. Glozak et al.; Gene 363, 15 (2005), Abstract
- Quantitation of HDAC1 mRNA expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast*: Z. Zhang et al.; Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 94, 11 (2005), Abstract
- Upregulation and nuclear recruitment of HDAC1 in hormone refractory prostate cancer: K. Halkidou; Prostate 59, 177 (2004), Abstract
- Histone deacetylases (HDACs): characterization of the classical HDAC family: A. J. de Ruijter et al.; Biochem. J. 370, 737 (2003), Abstract
- SUMO-1 modification of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) modulates its biological activities: G. David et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 23658 (2002), Abstract
- Histone deacetylase 1 phosphorylation promotes enzymatic activity and complex formation: M. K. Pflum et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 47733 (2001), Abstract
- Expression profile of histone deacetylase 1 in gastric cancer tissues: J. H. Choi et al.; Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 92, 1300 (2001), Abstract
- Stable histone deacetylase complexes distinguished by the presence of SANT domain proteins CoREST/kiaa0071 and Mta-L1: G. W. Humphrey et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 6817 (2001), Abstract
- CoREST is an integral component of the CoREST- human histone deacetylase complex: A. You et al.; PNAS 98, 1454 (2001), Abstract
- Histone deacetylases specifically down-regulate p53-dependent gene activation: L. J. Juan et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 20436 (2000), Abstract
- Deacetylation of p53 modulates its effect on cell growth and apoptosis: J. Luo et al.; Nature 408, 377 (2000), Abstract
- Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p: C. M. Grozinger et al.; PNAS 96, 4868 (1999), Abstract
- Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation: Y. Zhang et al.; Genes Dev. 13, 1924 (1999), Abstract
- Isolation and characterization of cDNAs corresponding to an additional member of the human histone deacetylase gene family: W. M. Yang et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 44 (1997), Abstract
- Histone deacetylases associated with the mSin3 corepressor mediate mad transcriptional repression: C. D. Laherty et al.; Cell 89, 349 (1997), Abstract
- A mammalian histone deacetylase related to the yeast transcriptional regulator Rpd3p: J. Taunton et al.; Science 272, 408 (1996), Abstract
Related Products

Application | Activity assay, Cell-based assays, Fluorescent detection, HTS |
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Alternative Name | [R-(E,E)]-7-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxo-2,4-heptadienamide |
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CAS | 58880-19-6 |
Couple Type | Inhibitor |
Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) |
Datasheet, Manuals, SDS & CofA
Manuals And Inserts
Specific Protocol
Assay of HDAC1 (Prod. No. BML-SE456) with FLUOR DE LYS®-SIRT1 substrate (Prod. No. BML-KI177) & FLUOR DE LYS® Developer II (Prod. No. BML-KI176)
Components of Assay:
HDAC Assay Buffer II (Prod. No. BML-KI422)*
(50 mM Tris/Cl, pH 8.0, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mg/ml BSA (fatty acid free BSA, e.g. Sigma catalog # A3803))
HDAC1 (Prod. No. BML-SE456)*
Dilute to enough HDAC1 to 0.1 µg/µl with HDAC Assay Buffer II (Prod. No. BML-KI422) to provide 5 µl per well. Keep on ice until use.
FLUOR DE LYS®-SIRT1 substrate (Prod. No. BML-KI177)*
Thaw quickly and keep on ice. Dilute 5 mM stock in HDAC Assay Buffer II.
2x Substrate Solution
Prepare a 2x substrate solution by diluting the 5 mM FLUOR DE LYS®-SIRT1 substrate (Prod. No. BML-KI177) in HDAC Assay Buffer II (BML-KI422). Each assay well will require 25 µl (see below). For example, prepare 1 ml of 20 µM substrate (for final 10 µM) by mixing 4 µl of 5 mM FLUOR DE LYS®-SIRT1 substrate (Prod. No. BML-KI177) and 996 µl HDAC Assay Buffer II (Prod. No. BML-KI422). Warm to 37°C before use. (NOTE: HDAC1's Km for FLUOR DE LYS- SIRT1 substrate (Prod. No. BML-KI177) is ~20 µM. Therefore, a reasonable substrate concentration for inhibitor screening would be 10-20 µM FLUOR DE LYS®-SIRT1 (Prod. No. BML-KI177), while 100 or 200 µM would be more suitable for a specific activity measurement at a saturating substrate concentration.)
Trichostatin A (Prod. No. BML-GR309; HDAC Inhibitor)
Prepare a 0.2 mM stock in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO stock may be stored at -20°C. The 0.2 mM stock will be diluted 100-fold in 1x Developer II in order to stop HDAC activity at the start of the signal development process. To prepare a stock for use in testing trichostatin inhibition (i.e. for addition to the deacetylation phase of the reaction), dilute 0.2 mM stock to 10 µM in HDAC
Assay Buffer II (e.g. 5 µl plus 95 µl) and keep on ice. Addition of 2.5 µl of this 10 µM stock per well will result in strong inhibition (final [trichostatin A] = 500 nM)
FLUOR DE LYS® Developer II (5x Concentrate, Prod. No. BML-KI176)*
Shortly before use, dilute 5x stock solution to 1x plus 2 μM trichostatin A. For example, prepare 1 ml by mixing 200 µl of the 5x Concentrate, 790 µl HDAC Assay Buffer II (BML-KI422) and 10 µl 0.2 mM trichostatin A in DMSO. Store the 1x Developer II plus trichostatin on ice until use. Do not store excess, but prepare freshly as needed.
FLUOR DE LYS® Deacetylated Standard (Prod. No. BML-KI142)*
Dilute the 10 mM stock in DMSO to 1 µM with HDAC Assay Buffer II (Prod. No. BML-KI422).
½ Volume 96-well white micro-plate (BML-KI110)*
*Components of the HDAC1 FLUOR DE LYS® Fluorescent Activity Assay (Prod. No. BML-AK511), which are also sold separately.
Reaction Condition Examples:
- Designate wells for four reactions: 30 min rxn; 30 min rxn plus trichostatin A; 0 min rxn and a Standard well.
- Add 20 µl of HDAC Assay Buffer II to the 30 min rxn well and the 0 min rxn well. To the third well (30 min. plus trichostatin) add 2.5 μl of 10 μM trichostatin A plus 17.5 µl of HDAC Assay Buffer II. Allow to equilibrate to assay temperature (37°C). (Leave Standard well empty until step 7).
- Add 50 µl of 1x Developer II plus trichostatin A to both 30 min. reaction wells.
- To the 0 min rxn well, add 50 µl of 1x Developer II plus trichostatin A, immediately followed by 25 µl of 2x substrate.
- For the standard, mix 50 µl of 1 μM standard with 50 µl of 1x Developer II plus trichostatin A in the fourth well.
- Allow 45 min. at 37°C for signal to develop and then read plate in a microplate-reading fluorimeter capable of excitation at a wavelength in the range of 350-380 and detection of emitted light in the range of 440-460 nm.
- Data analysis: Determine the ΔAFU (Arbitrary Fluorescence Units) for the two 30 min rxns. (AFU of 30 min rxn. (with or without trichostatin) minus AFU of the 0 min rxn). Determine AFU/pmol by dividing the Deacetylated standard reading (AFU) by 50 pmol. Calculate pmol of substrate deacetylated in 30 min (divide ΔAFU by AFU/pmol).
<li<Add 5 µl of diluted HDAC1 (BML-SE456, 0.1 µg/µl) to the wells for the 0 min, 30 min, and 30 min. plus trichostatin rxns.
To start reactions, add 25 µl of the 2x Substrates (37°C) to both 30 min reaction wells. Allow reactions to run 30 min at 37C.
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SDS
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