Gliotoxin

BML-PI129

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Proteasome inhibitor

Immunomodulating mycotoxin which acts by blocking membrane thiol groups. Inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome in a non-competitive manner. Causes apoptotic cell death in macrophages and thymocytes. Induces Ca²⁺ release from intact rat liver mitochondria. Inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-κB in response to a variety of stimuli in T and B cells. Displays anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Antioxidant. Inhibitor of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I. A negative control analog is available (Prod. No. BML-L122). Displays anti-tumor activity against breast cancer in vivo.

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Product Details

Alternative Name	[3R-(3α, 5aβ,6β,10aα)]-2,3,5a,6-Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-10H-3,10a-epi-dithiopyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
Appearance	White to yellow crystalline solid.
CAS	67-99-2
Couple Target	Proteasome 20S
Couple Type	Inhibitor
Formula	C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₄S₂
MI	14: 4441
MW	326.4
Purity	≥97% (HPLC, TLC)
RTECS	KB4725000
Solubility	Soluble in DMSO or methanol (10mg/ml).
Source	Isolated from Gliocladium fimbriatum

Handling & Storage

Use/Stability	As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
Long Term Storage	-20°C
Shipping	Ambient Temperature

Regulatory Status	RUO – Research Use Only

Lipo-Chitooligosaccharides Induce Specialized Fungal Metabolite Profiles That Modulate Bacterial Growth: T.A. Rush, et al.; mSystems 7, e0105222 (2022), Abstract
Discovery of gliotoxin as a new small molecule targeting thioredoxin redox system: H.S. Choi, et al.; BBRC 359, 523 (2007), Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus suppresses the human cellular immune response via gliotoxin-mediated apoptosis of monocytes: M. Stanzani, et al.; Blood 105, 2258 (2005), Abstract
Gliotoxin is a dual inhibitor of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I with antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo: D.M. Vigushin, et al.; Med. Oncol. 21, 21 (2004), Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B activity and intestinal inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice is suppressed by gliotoxin: H. Herfarth, et al.; Clin. Exp. Immunol. 120, 59 (2000), Abstract
NF-kappaB activation is a critical regulator of human granulocyte apoptosis in vitro: C. Ward, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 4309 (1999), Abstract
The secondary fungal metabolite gliotoxin targets proteolytic activities of the proteasome: M. Kroll, et al.; Chem. Biol. 6, 689 (1999), Abstract
The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-kappaB: H.L. Pahl, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 183, 1829 (1996), Abstract
Gliotoxin and related epipolythiodioxopiperazines: P. Waring & J. Beaver; Gen. Pharmacol. 27, 1311 (1996), Review, Abstract
Extracellular calcium is not required for gliotoxin or dexamethasone- induced DNA fragmentation: a reappraisal of the use of EGTA: P. Waring & A. Sjaarda; Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 17, 403 (1995), Abstract

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bis(Methylthio)gliotoxin

BML-L122

PAF receptor ligand

5 citations

Alternative Name	FR-49175
CAS	74149-38-5
Couple Type	Ligand
Purity	≥98% (TLC)

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Gliotoxin

BML-PI129

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Handling & Storage

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