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[D-Asp3]microcystin-RR

ALX-350-168

9 citations

  • ALX-350-168-C025   —   25 µg
    $239.00
  • ALX-350-168-C100   —   100 µg
    $517.00
  • Hepatotoxic

[D-Asp3]microcystin-RR is isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa. This microcystin contains arginine (R) in positions 2 and 4. Additionally, the D-MeAsp at position 3 is demethylated to Asp. [D-Asp3]microcystin-RR is hepatotoxic.

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Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes mostly present in freshwater ecosystems. The increasingly frequent appearance of cyanobacteria blooms in lakes and rivers is linked to climate changes and human activities. Microcystins are a group of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacterial genera. The most notable of which, and namesake, is the widespread genus Microcystis. Structurally, all microcystins consist of the generalized structure cyclo(-D-Ala1-X2-D-MeAsp3-Y4-Adda5-D-Glu6-Mdha7-). X and Y are variable L-amino acids, D-MeAsp is D-erythro-β-methylaspartic acid and Mdha is N-methyldehydroalanine. Adda is the cyanobacteria unique C20 β-amino acid 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid. Substitutions of the variable L-amino acids at positions 2 and 4 give rise to at least 21 known primary microcystin analogs and alterations in the other constituent amino acids result in more than 90 reported mycrocystins to date.

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Regulatory Status

RUO – Research Use Only