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Anti-arthritic agent
Gold derivative. Widely used as an anti-arthritic drug. Inhibits various leukocyte activation pathways at multiple sites. Inhibits release of inflammatory mediators from human basophils, pulmonary mast cells and macrophages. Also inhibits human neutrophil 5-lipoxygenase. Inhibits IκB kinase (IKK) by modifying Cys179 of the IKKß subunit. Efficient inducer of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in the presence of calcium ions, potentially referable to its inhibition of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase.
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Product Details
| Alternative Name |
SKF 39162, 1-Thio-β-D-glucopyranosatotriethyl phosphine gold-2,3,4,6-tetraacetate |
|---|---|
| Appearance |
White solid. |
| CAS |
34031-32-8 |
| Couple Target |
IKK, Lipoxygenase |
| Couple Type |
Inhibitor |
| Formula |
C20H34AuO9PS |
| MI |
14: 878 |
| MW |
678.5 |
| Purity |
≥98% (HPLC) |
| Solubility |
Soluble in DMSO (5mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (4mg/ml). |
Handling & Storage
| Use/Stability |
As indicated on product label or CoA when stored as recommended. Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored, as supplied, at room temperature. Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months at -20°C. |
|---|---|
| Long Term Storage |
Ambient |
| Shipping |
Ambient Temperature |
| Regulatory Status |
RUO – Research Use Only |
|---|
- Auranofin targets UBA1 and enhances UBA1 activity by facilitating ubiquitin trans-thioesterification to E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes: Yan, W., Zhong, Y., et al.; Nat. Commun. 14, 4798 (2023), Abstract
- Validation of a human-serum-based in vitro growth method for drug screening on juvenile development stages of Schistosoma mansoni: V. Buchter, et al.; PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 15, 9313 (2021), Abstract — Full Text
- Regulation of Bax-dependent apoptosis by mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30: D. Yan, et al.; Cell Death Discov. 1038, 41420 (2021), Abstract
- Ultrasensitive Genetically Encoded Indicator for Hydrogen Peroxide Identifies Roles for the Oxidant in Cell Migration and Mitochondrial Function: Pak, V. V., Ezerina, D., et al.; Cell Metab. 31, 642 (2020), Abstract
- The Role of Crosstalk between AR3 and E2F1 in Drug Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells: Xu, J., Yang, X., et al.; Cells 9, (2020), Abstract
- Opposing effects of polysulfides and thioredoxin on apoptosis through caspase persulfidation: Braunstein, I., Engelman, R., et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 295, 3590 (2020), Abstract
- The exceptional longevity of the naked mole-rat may be explained by mitochondrial antioxidant defenses: D. Munro, et al.; Aging Cell 18, e12916 (2019), Application(s): inhibitor for H2O2 consumption assay for TRX-dependent pathway, Abstract — Full Text
- Auranofin Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing Inhibitors of κB Kinase and Inflammasome-Mediated Interleukin-1β Secretion: Kim, H. Y., Kim, K. S., et al.; Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2019, 3503912 (2019), Abstract
- Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cell State Equilibrium through Modulation of Redox Signaling: Luo, M., Shang, L., et al.; Cell Metab. 28, 69 (2018), Abstract
- Evidence against Stable Protein S-Nitrosylation as a Widespread Mechanism of Post-translational Regulation: K. Wolhuter, et al.; Mol. Cell. 69, 438 (2018), Application(s): Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in SMCs, Abstract
- Deubiquitinase Inhibitor Auranofin Attenuated Cardiac Hypertrophy by Blocking NF-κB Activation: M. Hu, et al.; Cell Physiol. Biochem. 45, 2421 (2018), Abstract — Full Text
- KH176 Safeguards Mitochondrial Diseased Cells from Redox Stress-Induced Cell Death by Interacting with the Thioredoxin System/Peroxiredoxin Enzyme Machinery: Beyrath, J., Pellegrini, M., et al.; Sci. Rep. 8, 6577 (2018), Abstract
- Growth arrest and apoptosis induction in androgen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells by inhibition of USP14-mediated androgen receptor deubiquitination: Liao, Y., Xia, X., et al.; Oncogene 37, 1896 (2018), Abstract
- Thioredoxin-Mimetic-Peptides Protect Cognitive Function after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI): R. Baratz-Goldstein, et al.; PLoS One 11, e0157064 (2016), Application(s): MAPK Activity (human neuronal cells), Abstract — Full Text
- Disruption of thioredoxin metabolism enhances the toxicity of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibition in KRAS-mutated colon cancer cells: J. E. Hrabe, et al.; Redox Biol. 5, 319 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract
- Repurposing auranofin as a lead candidate for treatment of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis: C. A. Bulman, et al.; PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 9, e0003534 (2015), Application(s): Incubation, Abstract — Full Text
- Suppressive Role of PPARγ-Regulated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Adipocyte Lipolysis: Y. Yamada, et al.; PLoS One 10, e0136597 (2015), Application(s): Suppressed lipolysis, Abstract — Full Text
- Auranofin-induced oxidative stress causes redistribution of the glutathione pool in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci: J.J. Martínez-González, et al.; Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 201, 16 (2015), Application(s): Cell Culture, Abstract
- Gold drug auranofin could reduce neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglia cytotoxic secretions and primed respiratory burst: J.M. Maderira, et al.; J. Neuroimmunol. 276, 71 (2014), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract
- The NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium activates the human TRPA1 nociceptor: Suzuki, H., Hatano, N., et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 307, C384 (2014), Abstract
- A reprofiled drug, auranofin, is effective against metronidazole-resistant Giardia lamblia: Tejman-Yarden, N., Miyamoto, Y., et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57, 2029 (2013), Abstract
- Novel protective properties of auranofin: inhibition of human astrocyte cytotoxic secretions and direct neuroprotection: J.M. Maderira, et al.; Life Sci. 92, 1072 (2013), Application(s): Cell culture, Abstract
- Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase 1 by porphyrins and other small molecules identified by a high-throughput screening assay: Prast-Nielsen, S., Dexheimer, T. S., et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 50, 1114 (2011), Abstract
- Respiration-dependent H2O2 removal in brain mitochondria via the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system: D.A. Drechsel & M. Patel; J. Biol. Chem. 285, 27850 (2010), Abstract — Full Text
- Auranofin disrupts selenium metabolism in Clostridium difficile by forming a stable Au-Se adduct: Jackson-Rosario, S., Cowart, D., et al.; J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 14, 507 (2009), Abstract
- Induction of mitochondrial permeability transition by auranofin, a gold(I)-phosphine derivative: M.P. Rigobello, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 136, 1162 (2002), Abstract
- Auranofin inhibits the activation pathways of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at multiple sites: R. Rudkowski, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 41, 1921 (1991), Abstract
- Auranofin stimulates LTA hydrolase and inhibits 5-lipoxygenase/LTA synthase activity of isolated human neutrophils: W.H. Betts, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 39, 1233 (1990), Abstract
- Modulation of mediator release from human basophils and pulmonary mast cells and macrophages by auranofin: M. Columbo, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 39, 285 (1990), Abstract
- Antiarthritic gold compounds effectively quench electronically excited singlet oxygen: E.J. Corey, et al.; Science 236, 68 (1987), Abstract
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