ApoE4 monoclonal antibody (4E4)

Apolipoproteins are plasma lipoproteins that function as transporters of lipids and cholesterol in the circulatory system. Human ApoE is an apolipoprotein that has three isoforms: ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4.

The ApoE4 variant is the largest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, and while the exact mechanism remains to be determined, it appears there may be an interaction with beta-amyloid. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by build-ups of aggregates of the peptide beta-amyloid. Apolipoprotein E enhances proteolytic break-down of this peptide, both within and between cells. The isoform ApoE4 is not as effective as the others at promoting these reactions, resulting in increased vulnerability to AD in individuals with that gene variation.