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Collect whole blood into commercially available anticoagulant-treated tubes e.g., EDTA-treated (lavender tops) or citrate-treated (light blue tops). Heparinized tubes (green tops) are indicated for some applications; however, heparin can often be contaminated with endotoxin, which can stimulate white blood cells to release cytokines. Cells are removed from plasma by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000-2000 x g using a refrigerated centrifuge (do not use the centrifuge brake). Centrifugation for 15 minutes at 2000 x g depletes platelets in the plasma sample.
The resulting supernatant is designated plasma. Following centrifugation, it is important to immediately transfer the liquid component (plasma) into a clean polypropylene tube using a Pasteur pipette. The samples should be maintained at 2-8°C while handling. If the plasma is not analyzed immediately, the plasma should be apportioned into 0.5 ml aliquots, stored, and transported at –20°C or lower. It is important to avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Samples which are hemolyzed, icteric, or lipemic can invalidate certain tests.