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Antibody: An immunoglobulin that recognizes some portion of an antigen molecule. The antibody contains a species-specific Fc region and antigen-specific Fab portion.
Analyte: The molecule being quantified or analyzed.
Antigen: A molecule that is specifically bound by a given antibody.
Conjugate: Two molecules that are covalently linked, one being detectable by some method. (eg: enzyme activity)
Cross Reactivity: Although antibodies are antigen-specific, they can frequently bind other related molecules. The cross reactivity measurement quantifies how efficiently the antibody can bind other molecules.
Clonal Antibody: Rabbit clonal antibodies are pure fractions of rabbit immunoglobulins (IgG) obtained from crude antiserum by an original in vitro cloning technology which was developed by and is the property of DB Biotech. The immunogenic part of antigen – protein against which the antibody is designed is selected on the basis of a very detailed proteomic analysis, and the resulting clonal antibody (the homogenous fraction of rabbit IgG) recognizes the given antigen specifically with the highest affinity and avidity possible. Clonal antibodies are used in basic research for western blot, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and in applied and clinical research /clinical diagnostics for IHC-P. Rabbit clonal antibodies have also potential for the development of humanized therapeutics after their successful humanization.
Epitope: The portion of an antigen recognized by an antibody. In protein antigens, an epitope may consist of sequential (linear) peptides within a protein, or may be formed by the spatial association of non-consecutive peptides dependent upon folded or partially folded protein. The accessibility of an epitope to a given antibody may therefore be dependent upon treatment of the sample to properly expose the epitope.
IgG: A specific immunoglobulin class that binds an antigen. IgG is the major immunoglobulin of the blood, lymph, cerebrospinal and peritoneal fluids.
Monoclonal Antibody: A type of antibody derived from a hybridoma cell line generated from the fusion of a single antibody-producing B-cell clone (“mono-clonal”) of known specificity with an immortal myeloma cell line. Typically monoclonal antibodies detect a single epitope of an antigen, and are of higher purity and specificity than polyclonal antibodies. The immortalized hybridoma clone facilitates long-term production of a homogeneous antibody population of known specificity. Monoclonal antibodies are typically generated from the growth of hybridoma cell lines in tissue culture (in vitro) or harvested from animal ascites fluid (in vivo).
Polyclonal Antibody: A polyclonal antibody is typically a collection of antibodies originating from the serum of an animal immunized with a given antigen (immunogen). Polyclonal antiserum typically consists of a heterogeneous population of antibodies originating from multiple B-cells (“poly-clonal”) and thus may show specificity for multiple antigenic epitopes.