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The kit has been validated for the measurement of intracellular HO-1 in cell lysates and tissue extracts and the protocol refers only to these sample types. Circulating levels of HO-1 are generally thought to be low but other researchers have had success using our kit with human serum and plasma. For a list of references please check our website under the section “Product Literature References” which can be found at the bottom of the product page. If you plan to use our kit with plasma or serum, performing a spike recovery experiment to optimize your sample parameters is strongly recommended. In order to perform such an experiment, take one or two representative samples, split them in half, then spike one half of the sample with a known concentration of the provided HO-1 standard; then serially dilute both halves of each sample equally so that you will have comparable values for both the endogenous and spiked halves of each sample used in your optimization experiment. A spike recovery experiment will not only allow you to see which dilution gives you optimal linearity but will also allow you the ability to calculate a % Recovery for each dilution so that you can also see which dilution will give you the most accurate data. If there is enough HO-1 present in the samples that it can still be read in the assay after diluting sufficiently to eliminate matrix interference, then you can have confidence that the kit will work for these sample types.