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This kit measures the activity of all HDACs provided with a biological sample. Simply changing the substrate from the FLUOR DE LYS® HDAC substrate (BML-KI104) to the FLUOR DE LYS® SIRT1 substrate (BML-KI177) will not help specifically measuring SIRT1 activity. Despite its name, the latter is neither specific nor selective for SIRT1 and is efficiently deacetylated by most HDAC family members. The only alternative for detecting SIRT1 activity in biological samples is a modified version of BML-AK500. The substrate in this kit is deacetylated by a variety of class I and class II HDACs, but SIRT1 is the only class III HDAC that has good activity with this substrate. Thus, by pre-treating samples with trichostatin A (TSA) to inhibit class I and class II HDACs, all remaining activity can be attributed to SIRT1. Please note that a number of additional reagents need to be provided such as TSA (BML-GR309), NAD (BML-KI282), SIRT1 positive (resveratrol (BML-FR104)) and negative (nicotinamide (BML-KI283) and suramin sodium (ALX-430-022)) controls. Optimization will have to be done by the customer if aiming to use BML-AK500 in this way (Howitz et al. (2003)).