We can use or disclose your protected health information for purposes of treatment, payment and health care operations. For each of these categories of uses and disclosures, we have provided a description and an example below. However, not every particular use or disclosure in every category will be listed.

• Treatment means the provision, coordination or management of your health care, including consultations and referrals between health care providers regarding your care. For example, a technician may need to know information about your health conditions in order to correctly assess your blood test.
  
• Payment means the activities we undertake to obtain reimbursement for the health care provided to you, including billing, collections, claims management, determinations of eligibility and coverage and utilization review activities. For example, prior to providing health care services, we may need to provide information to your Third Party Payor about the tests to be performed to determine whether the proposed test will be covered.
  
• Health care operations means the support functions of our Laboratory related to treatment and payment, such as quality assurance activities, case management, responding to patient complaints, compliance programs, audits, business planning, development, management and administrative activities. For example, we may use your protected health information to evaluate the performance of our staff when providing services to you.
  
  

In addition to using and disclosing your information for treatment, payment and health care operations, we may use your protected health information in the following ways:

• We may contact you to provide appointment reminders, or to tell you about or recommend possible treatment alternatives or other health-related services that may be of interest to you.
  
• We may disclose protected health information to your family, friends or any other individual identified by you if the information is directly relevant to such person’s involvement with your care or payment for your care. If you are present or otherwise available, we will give you an opportunity to object to these disclosures, and we will not make these disclosures if you object. If you are not present or otherwise available, we will determine whether a disclosure to your family or friends is in your best interest, taking into account the circumstances and based upon our professional judgment.
  
• We will allow your family and friends to act on your behalf to pick up filled prescriptions, medical supplies, and similar forms of protected health information, when we determine, in our professional judgment, that it is in your best interest to make such disclosure.
  
• We may contact you as part of our efforts to market our Laboratory’s services as permitted by applicable law.
  
• Subject to applicable law, we may make incidental uses and disclosures of protected health information which are by-products of otherwise permitted uses or disclosures which are limited in nature and cannot be reasonably prevented.
  
• We will use or disclose protected health information about you when required to do so by applicable law.

• Public Health Activities and Health Oversight Activities. To prevent or control disease, injury or disability; to report abuse or neglect (in the case of an adult, we will only make this disclosure if the patient agrees or when required or authorized by law); to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for activities related to FDA-regulated products or services and to report reactions to medications or problems with products; to notify a person who may have been exposed to a disease or may be at risk for contracting or spreading a disease or condition; to Federal or State agencies that oversee our activities to monitor the health care system, government benefit programs and compliance with civil rights laws or regulatory program standards.
  
• Lawsuits and Disputes. We may disclose health information about you in response to a court or administrative order; or in response to a subpoena, discovery request, or other lawful process if the Laboratory is given assurances that efforts have been made to tell you about the request or to obtain an order protecting the information requested.
  
• Law Enforcement. We may release health information if asked to do so by a law enforcement official: in response to a court order, subpoena, warrant, summons or similar process or in emergency circumstances; to identify or locate a suspect, fugitive, material witness, or missing person; about the victim of a crime under certain limited circumstances; about a death we believe may be the result of criminal conduct or about criminal conduct on our premises; and in emergency circumstances, to report a crime, the location of the crime or the identity , description or location of the person who committed the crime.
  
• Inmates. If you are an inmate of a correctional institution or under the custody of a law enforcement official, we may release health information about you to the correctional institution or law enforcement official.
  
• Serious Threats. We may use and disclose protected health information if we, in good faith, believe that the use or disclosure is necessary to prevent or lessen a serious and imminent threat to the health or safety of a person or the public or is necessary for law enforcement authorities to identify or apprehend an individual.
  
• Other special situations. Subject to the requirements of applicable law, we may also use or disclose your protected health information for the purposes of: Organ and Tissue Donation (if you are a donor, to procurement or transplantation organizations); Workers Compensation (to programs that provide benefits for work related injuries or illnesses); Coroners, Medical Examiners and Funeral Directors (to determine cause of death or to carry out funeral director services); Disaster Relief Efforts (to public and private entities authorized to assist in disaster relief efforts); Military and Veterans (if you are an Armed Forces member or foreign military member, as required by appropriate military command authorities); National Security and Intelligence Activities (to authorized Federal Officials for intelligence, counterintelligence or other national security activities); and Protective Services for the President and Others (to authorized Federal Officials to protect the present foreign heads if state of other authorized persons or to conduct special investigations).

Note: Information regarding HIV, genetics, alcohol and/or substance abuse, mental health and other specially protected health information may enjoy certain special confidentiality protections under applicable State and Federal law. Any disclosures of these types of records will be subject to these special protections.

• You have the right to request restrictions on our uses and disclosures of protected health information for treatment, payment and health care operations. However, we are not required to agree to your request. To request a restriction, you must make your request in writing to the Laboratory’s Privacy Officer.
  
• You have the right to reasonably request to receive confidential communications of protected health information by alternative means or at alternative locations. To make such a request, you must submit your request in writing to the Laboratory’s Privacy Officer.
  
• ubject to certain limited exceptions, you have the right to inspect and copy the protected health information contained in your medical and billing records and in any other Laboratory records used by us to make decisions about you. In order to inspect and copy your health information, you must submit your request in writing to the Laboratory’s Privacy Officer. If you request a copy of your health information, we may charge you a fee for the costs of copying and mailing your records, as well as other costs associated with your request.
  
• You have the right to request an amendment to your protected health information, but we may deny your request for amendment in certain limited situations. In any event, any agreed upon amendment will be included as an addition to, and not a replacement of, already existing records. In order to request an amendment to your health information, you must submit your request in writing to the Laboratory’s Privacy Officer, along with a description of the reason for your request.
  
• You have the right to receive an accounting of certain disclosures of protected health information made by us to individuals or entities other than to you for the six years prior to your request, except for disclosures for which we are not required to keep an accounting, such as disclosures for treatment, payment and health care operations. To request an accounting of disclosures of your health information, you must submit your request in writing to the Laboratory’s Privacy Officer. Your request must state a specific time period for the accounting (e.g., the past three months). The first accounting you request within a twelve (12) month period will be free. For additional accountings, we may charge you for the costs of providing the list. We will notify you of the costs involved, and you may choose to withdraw or modify your request at that time before any costs are incurred.